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The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_{\rm L}(1+z)^{-2}/D_{\rm A}=\eta=1$, with $D_{\rm L}$ and $D_{\rm A}$, being the luminosity and angular diameter distances, respectively, is a crucial premise in cosmological scenarios. Many…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-16 W. J. C. da Silva , R. F. L. Holanda , R. Silva

As an exact result required by the Etherington reciprocity theorem, the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $\eta(z)=D_L(z)(1+z)^{-2}/D_A(z)=1$ plays an essential part in modern cosmology. In this paper, we present a new method…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-19 Liu Tonghua , Cao Shuo , Ma Shuai , Liu Yuting , Zheng Chenfa , Wang Jieci

We carry out a test of the fundamental Etherington relation (cosmic distance duality relation) which relates the luminosity distance $D_{\rm L}$ and angular diameter distance $D_{\rm A}$ in metric theories of gravity. We use the latest…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-06 Sourav Das , Surhud More , Shadab Alam

The Etherington distance duality relation, which relates the luminosity distance, the angular diameter distance and the redshift of objects, depends only upon a conservation law for light that traces back directly to the Lorentzian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-30 Surhud More , Hiroko Niikura , Jonas Schneider , Frederic P. Schuller , Marcus C. Werner

We test the possible deviation of the cosmic distance duality relation $D_A(z)(1+z)^2/D_L(z)\equiv 1$ using the standard candles/rulers in a fully model-independent manner. Type-Ia supernovae are used as the standard candles to derive the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-14 Xin Li , Hai-Nan Lin

Observations in the cosmological domain are heavily dependent on the validity of the cosmic distance-duality (DD) relation, D_L(z) (1 + z)^{2}/D_{A}(z) = 1, an exact result required by the Etherington reciprocity theorem where D_L(z) and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 R. F. L. Holanda , J. A. S. Lima , M. B. Ribeiro

We present a joint test of cosmic curvature, $\Omega_{k0}$, and the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR) using the Etherington relation, which connects the luminosity and angular diameter distances at the same redshift. In this work, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-13 Darshan Kumar , Jie Zheng , Zhi-Qiang You , Da-Chun Qiang

We test the distance--duality relation $\eta \equiv d_L / [ (1 + z)^2 d_A ] = 1$ between cosmological luminosity distance ($d_L$) from the JLA SNe Ia compilation (arXiv:1401.4064) and angular-diameter distance ($d_A$) based on Baryon…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-16 Cong Ma , Pier-Stefano Corasaniti

In this paper, we test the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), as required by the Etherington reciprocity theorem, which connects the angular diameter distance and the luminosity distance via the relation \( D_{\rm L}(z) = D_{\rm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Qiumin Wang , Shuo Cao , Jianyong Jiang , Kaituo Zhang , Xinyue Jiang , Tonghua Liu , Chengsheng Mu , Dadian Cheng

The cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), $d_L(z) (1 + z)^{2}/d_{A}(z) = \eta$, where $\eta = 1$ and $d_L(z)$ and $d_A(z)$ are, respectively, the luminosity and the angular diameter distances, holds as long as the number of photons is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-01 R. S. Gonçalves , A. Bernui , R. F. L. Holanda , J. S. Alcaniz

The cosmic distance duality relation (DDR), which connects the angular diameter distance and luminosity distance through a simple formula $D_A(z)(1+z)^2/D_L(z)\equiv1$, is an important relation in cosmology. Therefore, testing the validity…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-05 Hai-Nan Lin , Ming-Hua Li , Xin Li

In this letter we propose a new and model-independent cosmological test for the distance-duality (DD) relation, \eta=D_{L}(z)(1+z)^{-2}/D_{A}(z)=1, where D_{L} and D_{A} are, respectively, the luminosity and angular diameter distances. For…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-01 R. F. L. Holanda , J. A. S. Lima , M. B. Ribeiro

In cosmology, distances based on standard candles (e.g. supernovae) and standard rulers (e.g. baryon oscillations) agree as long as three conditions are met: (1) photon number is conserved, (2) gravity is described by a metric theory with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Bruce A. Bassett , Martin Kunz

In this paper, we propose an accurate test of the distance-duality (DD) relation, $\eta=D_{L}(z)(1+z)^{-2}/D_{A}(z)=1$ (where $D_{L}$ and $D_{A}$ are the luminosity distances and angular diameter distances, respectively), with a combination…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Shuo Cao , Nan Liang

A validation of the cosmic distance duality (CDD) relation, eta(z)=(1+z)^2 d_A(z)/d_L(z)=1, coupling the luminosity (d_L) and angular-diameter (d_A) distances, is crucial because its violation would require exotic new physics. We present a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-19 Cheng-Zong Ruan , Fulvio Melia , Tong-Jie Zhang

The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), eta(z)=(1+z)^2 d_A(z)/d_L(z)=1, is one of the most fundamental and crucial formulae in cosmology. This relation couples the luminosity and angular diameter distances, two of the most often used…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Jin Qin , Fulvio Melia , Tong-Jie Zhang

A major recent evelopment in observational cosmology has been an accurate measurement of the luminosity distance-redshift relation out to redshifts z=0.8 from Type Ia supernova standard candles. The results have been argued as evidence for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-13 Neil Trentham

Under very general assumptions of metric theory of spacetime, photons traveling along null geodesics and photon number conservation, two observable concepts of cosmic distance, i.e. the angular diameter and the luminosity distances are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-16 Kai Liao , Zhengxiang Li , Shuo Cao , Marek Biesiada , Xiaogang Zheng , Zong-Hong Zhu

The Etherington reciprocity theorem, or distance duality relation (DDR), relates the mutual scaling of cosmic distances in any metric theory of gravity where photons are massless and propagate on null geodesics. In this paper, we make use…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-19 Fabrizio Renzi , Natalie B. Hogg , William Giarè

In this paper we discuss a new cosmological model-independent test for the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $\eta = D_{L}(L)(1+z)^{-2}/D_{A}(z)=1$, where $D_{A}(z)$ and $D_{L}(z)$ are the angular and luminosity distances,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-29 R. S. Goncalves , R. F. L. Holanda , J. S. Alcaniz
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