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A new Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) algorithm for Bayesian updating of model parameters is proposed in this paper, which combines the ABC principles with the technique of Subset Simulation for efficient rare-event simulation, first…

Computation · Statistics 2014-04-25 Manuel Chiachio , James L. Beck , Juan Chiachio , Guillermo Rus

We study the sample complexity of differentially private optimization of quasi-concave functions. For a fixed input domain $\mathcal{X}$, Cohen et al. (STOC 2023) proved that any generic private optimizer for low sensitive quasi-concave…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kobbi Nissim , Eliad Tsfadia , Chao Yan

Semi-unification is the combination of first-order unification and first-order matching. The undecidability of semi-unification has been proven by Kfoury, Tiuryn, and Urzyczyn in the 1990s by Turing reduction from Turing machine immortality…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Andrej Dudenhefner

Consider a subset of positive integers $S$. In this paper, we reduce the upper bound on the length of a minimum program that enumerates $S$ in terms of the probability of $S$ being enumerated by a random program. So far, the best-known…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Georgii Zakharov

Every real is computable from a Martin-Loef random real. This well known result in algorithmic randomness was proved by Kucera and Gacs. In this survey article we discuss various approaches to the problem of coding an arbitrary real into a…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-03-31 George Barmpalias , Andrew Lewis-Pye

This paper establishes lower bounds for two kinds of arithmetic regularity partitions, building on constructions of Green [arXiv:math/0310476v2] and Hosseini, Lovett, Moshkovitz, and Shapira [arXiv:1405.4409]. The first kind occurs in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-20 V. Gladkova

We study the empirical meaning of randomness with respect to a family of probability distributions $P_\theta$, where $\theta$ is a real parameter, using algorithmic randomness theory. In the case when for a computable probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-06-25 Vladimir V'yugin

The development of randomized algorithms for numerical linear algebra, e.g. for computing approximate QR and SVD factorizations, has recently become an intense area of research. This paper studies one of the most frequently discussed…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-08-28 Rafi Witten , Emmanuel Candes

Solomonoff unified Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple explanations to one elegant, formal, universal theory of inductive inference, which initiated the field of algorithmic information theory. His central result is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-06-26 Marcus Hutter

The halting probability of a Turing machine is the probability that the machine will halt if it starts with a random stream written on its one-way input tape. When the machine is universal, this probability is referred to as Chaitin's omega…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-04 George Barmpalias , Andrew Lewis-Pye

This paper serves as an extended road map for our long-term project "Mixed Random-quasiperiodic Cocycles" [arXiv:2201.04745, arXiv:2109.09544, arXiv:2210.16908, 6, 7] with Pedro Duarte and Silvius Klein. Despite exhibiting totally different…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Ao Cai

We present a novel method for establishing large data local well-posedness in low regularity Sobolev spaces for general quasilinear Schr\"odinger equations with non-degenerate and nontrapping metrics. Our result represents a definitive…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Ben Pineau , Mitchell A. Taylor

This paper establishes several sharp spectral results for analytic quasiperiodic Schrodinger operators. Key contributions include: (1) exact exponential decay rates for spectral gaps of the almost Mathieu operator, addressing a question…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Lingrui Ge , Jiangong You , Qi Zhou

The complexity of matrix multiplication is a central topic in computer science. While the focus has traditionally been on exact algorithms, a long line of literature also considers randomized algorithms, which return an approximate solution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Simon Apers , Arjan Cornelissen , Samson Wang

Bayesian Reinforcement Learning (RL) is capable of not only incorporating domain knowledge, but also solving the exploration-exploitation dilemma in a natural way. As Bayesian RL is intractable except for special cases, previous work has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-14 Kenji Kawaguchi , Mauricio Araya

Pseudoentropy characterizations provide a quantitatively precise demonstration of the close relationship between computational hardness and computational randomness. We prove a unified pseudoentropy characterization that generalizes and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lunjia Hu , Salil Vadhan

This is the text of my report presented at the 29th Solvay Conference on Physics on `The Structure and Dynamics of Disordered Systems' held in Bruxelles from October 19 to 21, 2023. I consider the problem of minimizing a random energy…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-01-23 Andrea Montanari

Consider the finite regular language L_n = {w0 : w \in {0,1}^*, |w| \le n}. It was shown by Ambainis, Nayak, Ta-Shma and Vazirani that while this language is accepted by a deterministic finite automaton of size O(n), any one-way quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ashwin Nayak

The busy beaver is a well-known specific example of a non-computable function. Whilst many aspect of this problem have been investigated, it is not always easy to find thorough and convincing evidence for the claims made about the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-11 James Harland

Consider a short theorem, i.e. one that can be written down using just a few symbols. Can its shortest proof be arbitrarily long? We answer this question in the negative. Inspired by arguments by Calude et al (1999) and Chaitin (1984) that…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-06-10 Gustavo Lacerda