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We propose an efficient quantum key distribution scheme based on entanglement. The sender chooses pairs of photons in one of the two equivalent nonmaximally entangled states randomly, and sends a sequence of photons from each pair to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Peng Xue , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD), is one of the advanced areas in the field of quantum technologies. The confidentiality of keys distributed with the use of QKD protocols is guaranteed by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-30 A. S. Trushechkin , E. O. Kiktenko , D. A. Kronberg , A. K. Fedorov

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is considered the most immediate application to be widely implemented amongst a variety of potential quantum technologies. QKD enables sharing secret keys between distant users, using photons as information…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) will most likely be an integral part of any practical quantum network in the future. However, not all QKD protocols can be used in today's networks because of the lack of single-photon emitters and noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh , Mahadevan Subramaniam

High-dimensional entanglement promises to increase the information capacity of photons and is now routinely generated exploiting spatio-temporal degrees of freedom of single photons. A curious feature of these systems is the possibility to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Mirdit Doda , Marcus Huber , Gláucia Murta , Matej Pivoluska , Martin Plesch , Chrysoula Vlachou

We theoretically analyze the feasibility of entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols considering widely used spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) and novel quantum dot (QD) sources. We account for multiphoton…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Mariia Gumberidze , Vladyslav C. Usenko

In this work, we present a novel authenticated Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol employing maximally entangled qubit pairs. In the absence of noise, we securely authenticate the well-known BB84 QKD scheme under two assumptions: first,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Pol Julià Farré , Vladlen Galetsky , Soham Ghosh , Janis Nötzel , Christian Deppe

The channel loss incurred in long-distance transmission places a significant burden on quantum key distribution (QKD) systems: they must defeat a passive eavesdropper who detects all the light lost in the quantum channel and does so without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-20 Quntao Zhuang , Zheshen Zhang , Justin Dove , Franco N. C. Wong , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new scheme for measuring high-dimensional phase states using a two-photon interference technique, which we refer to as quantum-controlled measurement. Using this scheme, we implement a…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key sharing between distant parties, with several protocols proven resilient against conventional eavesdropping strategies. Here, we introduce a new attack scenario where an eavesdropper, Eve,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Sumit Nandi , Biswaranjan Panda , Pankaj Agrawal , Arun K Pati

To prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, several assumptions have to be imposed on users' devices. From an experimental point of view, it is preferable that such theoretical requirements are feasible and the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Akihiro Mizutani

The capacity of the quantum dense key distribution (QDKD) [Phys. Rev. A69, 032310 (2004)] is doubled by introducing the dense coding. The security of the improved QDKD against eavesdropping is pointed out to be easily proven. In both the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. J. Zhang , Z. X. Man

Quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a cornerstone of secure communication in the quantum era. While discrete-variable QKD (DV-QKD) protocols were historically the first to demonstrate secure key exchange, continuous-variable QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Mobin Motaharifar , Mahmood Hasani , Hassan Kaatuzian

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, QKD protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarisation states, and the transmitted…

The binary (one-bit-per-photon) encoding that most existing quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols employ puts a fundamental limit on their achievable key rates, especially under high channel loss conditions associated with long-distance…

The security of conventional cryptography systems is threatened in the forthcoming era of quantum computers. Quantum key distribution (QKD) features fundamentally proven security and offers a promising option for quantum-proof cryptography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

We propose a simple quantum-key-distribution (QKD) scheme for practical single photon sources (SPSs), which works even with a moderate suppression of the second-order correlation $g^{(2)}$ of the source. The scheme utilizes a passive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Yoritoshi Adachi , Takashi Yamamoto , Masato Koashi , Nobuyuki Imoto

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is nowadays a well established method for generating secret keys at a distance in an information-theoretic secure way, as the secrecy of QKD relies on the laws of quantum physics and not computational…

Quantum-key distribution (QKD) schemes employing quantum communication links are typically based on the transmission of weak optical pulses over optical fibers to setup a secret key between the transmitting and receiving nodes. Alice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Debasish Datta

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) is a key application of the quantum internet. We report the realization of DI-QKD between two single-atom nodes linked by 100-km fibers. To improve the entangling rate, single-photon…

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