Related papers: Initial State: Theory Status
Based on the isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model plus the Skyrme force parameters, initialization effect is studied in heavy-ion collision at intermediate energies. We find that there are moderate initialization…
Early November 2010, the LHC collided for the first time heavy ions, Pb on Pb, at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV/nucleon. This date marked both the end of almost 20 years of preparing for nuclear collisions at the LHC, as well as the…
Four models for the initial conditions of a fluid dynamic description of high energy heavy ion collisions are analysed and compared. We study expectation values and event-by-event fluctuations in the initial transverse energy density…
It has been theorized that if heavy nuclei (e.g. Au, Pb) are collided at sufficiently high energies, we might be to recreate the conditions that existed in the universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang. The kinetic energy of the…
We present an overview of the results obtained in pPb and PbPb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider during Run 1. We first discuss the results for global characteristics: cross sections, hadron multiplicities, azimuthal asymmetries,…
Recent measurements and theoretical developments on the hadronic final state in deep-inelastic scattering, pp and ee collisions are presented.
We give a brief overview of our current theoretical understanding of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision and the properties of super-hot nuclear matter. We focus on several issues that have been discussed in connection with experimental…
We review some basic concepts of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics and discuss our understanding of some key results from the experimental program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We focus in particular on the early time dynamics…
Observations from high-multiplicity proton-lead ($p$-Pb) collisions indicate that small systems may exhibit collective behavior in both heavy and light hadrons. This work investigates the roles of initial- and final-state interactions in…
We discuss recent theoretical developments in understanding the early pre-equilibrium dynamics and onset of hydrodynamic behavior in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We highlight possible experimental signatures of the pre-equilibrium…
Heavy meson production in reactions with nuclei is an active new frontier to understand QCD dynamics and the process of hadronization in nuclear matter. Measurements in various colliding systems at RHIC and LHC, including Pb-Pb, Xe-Xe, O-O,…
Many probes are proposed to determine the quark-gluon plasma and explore its properties in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Some of them are related to initial states of the collisions, such as collective flow, Hanbury-Brown-Twiss…
Angular correlations of two and more particles are a sensitive probe of the initial state and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions. Two recent results of the ALICE collaboration are presented. Event-shape…
At the end of 2010, the CERN Large Hadron Collider started operation with heavy ion beams, colliding lead nuclei at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV/nucleon and opening a new era in ultra-relativistic heavy ion physics at energies…
A brief summary of results on Pb+Pb collisions from ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS is presented covering global event properties, anisotropic flow, jet quenching, and quarkonia.
A global Bayesian analysis of relativistic Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}_{\rm NN}$ = 2.76 TeV is performed, using a multistage model consisting of an IP-Glasma initial state, a viscous fluid dynamical evolution, and a hadronic transport…
The first Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC are little more than a year away. This paper discusses some of the exciting measurements which the experiments will be able to perform in the very first run, even with modest luminosity, and gives a…
After close to 20 years of preparation, the dedicated heavy ion experiment ALICE took first data with proton collisions at the LHC starting in November 2009 and first Pb-Pb data in November 2010. This article summarizes initial operation…
We investigate the possibility of selecting heavy ion collision events with certain features in the initial state ("event engineering"). Anisotropic flow measurements in heavy ion reactions have confirmed the almost ideal fluid dynamical…
In this talk, I discuss some recent results obtained in Heavy Ion Collisions and what they tell us -- or what questions they raise -- about the physics of the system of quarks and gluons formed in these collisions.