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Magnetically arrested disk (MAD) has been argued as the key accretion phase to realize the formation of relativistic jets. However, due to the lack of magnetic field measurements of accreting systems, MAD has not been observationally…
High-quality total scattering data, a key tool for understanding atomic-scale structure in disordered materials, require stable instrumentation and access to high momentum transfers. This is now routine at dedicated synchrotron…
Understanding protein motion within the cell is crucial for predicting reaction rates and macromolecular transport in the cytoplasm. A key question is how crowded environments affect protein dynamics through hydrodynamic and direct…
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an essential technique to determine a material's crystal structure in high-throughput experimentation, and has recently been incorporated in artificially intelligent agents in autonomous scientific discovery…
The development of high-brightness free-electron lasers (FEL) has revolutionised our ability to create and study matter in the high-energy-density (HED) regime. Current diagnostic techniques have been very successful in yielding information…
Because of their high photon flux, X-ray free-electron lasers (FEL) allow to resolve the structure of individual nanoparticles via coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) within a single X-ray pulse. Since the inevitable rapid destruction of the…
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a widely used spectroscopic technique, providing access to the electronic structure and dynamics of atoms, molecules, and solids. However, RIXS requires a narrow bandwidth x-ray probe to achieve…
Most material discrimination in security inspections is based on dual-energy x-ray imaging, which enables the determination of a material's effective atomic number (Zeff) as well as electron density and its consequent classification as…
Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope is a key tool for nanomaterials analysis, providing a direct link between spatial and chemical information. However, using it for precisely determining…
Macro X-ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning is increasingly widely used by researchers in heritage science to analyse easel paintings as one of a suite of non-invasive imaging techniques. The task of processing the resulting MA-XRF datacube…
We demonstrate high-resolution non-iterative holographic coherent diffraction imaging with hard X-rays using a novel phase-shifting reference, fabricated by atomic layer deposition to produce nanosharp 3D structure. The method surpasses the…
We present an implementation of the Maxwell-Bloch (MB) formalism for the study of x-ray emission dynamics from periodic multilayer materials whether they are artificial or natural. The treatment is based on a direct…
Here we propose to exploit the low energy bandwidth, small wavelength and penetration power of ultrashort pulses from XFELs for resonant Small Angle Scattering (SAXS) on plasma structures in laser excited plasmas. Small angle scattering…
It is shown that the diffraction on a polycrystal can be used for investigation and diagnostics of X-ray radiation emitted in a forward direction by relativistic charged particles moving in crystalline or other targets or fields. Methods…
We present time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements using advanced timing schemes that provide high temporal resolution while also maintaining a high flux in the X-ray probe beam. The method employs patterned probe pulse sequences that…
Chirality is a structural property of molecules lacking mirror symmetry that has strong implications in diverse fields, ranging from life to materials sciences. Established spectroscopic methods that are sensitive to chirality, such as…
Experimentally obtained X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns can be difficult to solve, precluding the full characterization of materials, pharmaceuticals, and geological compounds. Herein, we propose a method based upon a multi-objective…
Periodic multilayers are nowadays widely used to perform x-ray analysis in the soft x-ray range (photon energy lower than 1 keV). However, they do not permit to obtain high-resolution spectra like natural or synthetic crystals. Thus,…
The in situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique is highly utilized by researchers to analyze the crystallographic structures of materials in functional devices (e.g., battery materials) or in complex sample…
In powder diffraction data analysis, phase identification is the process of determining the crystalline phases in a sample using its characteristic Bragg peaks. For multiphasic spectra, we must also determine the relative weight fraction of…