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The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti

In this paper, by proposing two new kinds of distributional uncertainty sets, we explore robustness of distortion risk measures against distributional uncertainty. To be precise, we first consider a distributional uncertainty set which is…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-15 Xiangyu Han , Yijun Hu , Ran Wang , Linxiao Wei

In this work clustering schemes for uncertain and structured data are considered relying on the notion of Wasserstein barycenters, accompanied by appropriate clustering indices based on the intrinsic geometry of the Wasserstein space where…

In prescriptive analytics, the decision-maker observes historical samples of $(X, Y)$, where $Y$ is the uncertain problem parameter and $X$ is the concurrent covariate, without knowing the joint distribution. Given an additional covariate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-11 Tianyu Wang , Ningyuan Chen , Chun Wang

This article establishes cutoff convergence or abrupt convergence of three statistical quantities for multivariate (Hurwitz) stable geometric Brownian motion: the autocorrelation function, the Wasserstein distance between the current state…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-30 G. Barrera , M. A. Högele , J. C. Pardo

Comparing probability distributions is at the crux of many machine learning algorithms. Maximum Mean Discrepancies (MMD) and Wasserstein distances are two classes of distances between probability distributions that have attracted abundant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-01 Titouan Vayer , Rémi Gribonval

I introduce a general, Bayesian method for modelling univariate time series data assumed to be drawn from a continuous, stochastic process. The method accommodates arbitrary temporal sampling, and takes into account measurement…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-24 C. A. L. Bailer-Jones

We investigate properties of some extensions of a class of Fourier-based probability metrics, originally introduced to study convergence to equilibrium for the solution to the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation. At difference with the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Gennaro Auricchio , Andrea Codegoni , Stefano Gualandi , Giuseppe Toscani , Marco Veneroni

A data-driven MPC scheme is proposed to safely control constrained stochastic linear systems using distributionally robust optimization. Distributionally robust constraints based on the Wasserstein metric are imposed to bound the state…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-19 Zhengang Zhong , Ehecatl Antonio del Rio-Chanona , Panagiotis Petsagkourakis

We present new algorithms to compute the mean of a set of empirical probability measures under the optimal transport metric. This mean, known as the Wasserstein barycenter, is the measure that minimizes the sum of its Wasserstein distances…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-18 Marco Cuturi , Arnaud Doucet

We establish conditions to characterize probability measures by their $L^{p}$-quantization error functions in both $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and Hilbert settings. This characterization is two-fold: static (identity of two distributions) and dynamic…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-20 Yating Liu , Gilles Pagès

Computer vision systems that are deployed in safety-critical applications need to quantify their output uncertainty. We study regression from images to parameter values and here it is common to detect uncertainty by predicting probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ziliang Xiong , Arvi Jonnarth , Abdelrahman Eldesokey , Joakim Johnander , Bastian Wandt , Per-Erik Forssen

We develop a projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. In particular, we aim to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-01 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

Determining the strength of non-linear statistical dependencies between two variables is a crucial matter in many research fields. The established measure for quantifying such relations is the mutual information. However, estimating mutual…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-07-24 Damián G. Hernández , Inés Samengo

Learning conditional densities and identifying factors that influence the entire distribution are vital tasks in data-driven applications. Conventional approaches work mostly with summary statistics, and are hence inadequate for a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-13 Chengliang Tang , Nathan Lenssen , Ying Wei , Tian Zheng

A standard approach for assessing the performance of partition models is to create synthetic data sets with a prespecified clustering structure, and assess how well the model reveals this structure. A common format is that subjects are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Michail Papathomas

As physics searches for invariants in observations, this paper looks for invariants of probabilistic observation without assuming physical structure. Structure emerges from the basic assumption of science that new information shall lead to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johann Summhammer

Unimodality constitutes a key property indicating grouping behavior of the data around a single mode of its density. We propose a method that partitions univariate data into unimodal subsets through recursive splitting around valley points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Paraskevi Chasani , Aristidis Likas

In 1948, W. Hoeffding introduced a large class of unbiased estimators called U-statistics, defined as the average value of a real-valued m-variate function h calculated at all possible sets of m points from a random sample. In the present…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-06-09 Michael Mayer

In this paper, we establish sharp upper and lower bounds on the convergence rate of the empirical measures of point processes under the Wasserstein distance. To this end, we first introduce a new metric on the space of counting measures…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Dongzhou Huang , Tianyi Jiang , Haonan Wang