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Related papers: Convergence Rates for Mixture-of-Experts

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Multilevel data are prevalent in many real-world applications. However, it remains an open research problem to identify and justify a class of models that flexibly capture a wide range of multilevel data. Motivated by the versatility of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-03 Tsz Chai Fung , Spark C. Tseung

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance performance by selectively engaging specialized subnetworks or "experts" for each input. However, deploying MoEs on memory-constrained devices remains…

While large language models (LLMs) excel on generation tasks, their decoder-only architecture often limits their potential as embedding models if no further representation finetuning is applied. Does this contradict their claim of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ziyue Li , Tianyi Zhou

Previous multi-task dense prediction methods based on the Mixture of Experts (MoE) have received great performance but they neglect the importance of explicitly modeling the global relations among all tasks. In this paper, we present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuqi Yang , Peng-Tao Jiang , Qibin Hou , Hao Zhang , Jinwei Chen , Bo Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activates only a subset of experts during inference, allowing the model to maintain low inference FLOPs and latency even as the parameter count scales up. However, since MoE dynamically selects the experts, all the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yunhe Wang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layer, a sparsely-activated model controlled by a router, has achieved great success in deep learning. However, the understanding of such architecture remains elusive. In this paper, we formally study how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Zixiang Chen , Yihe Deng , Yue Wu , Quanquan Gu , Yuanzhi Li

This paper uses classical high-rate quantization theory to provide new insights into mixture-of-experts (MoE) models for regression tasks. Our MoE is defined by a segmentation of the input space to regions, each with a single-parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yehuda Dar

Mixtures-of-Experts models and their maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) via the EM algorithm have been thoroughly studied in the statistics and machine learning literature. They are subject of a growing investigation in the context of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-13 Faïcel Chamroukhi , Florian Lecocq , Hien D. Nguyen

We study density estimation in Kullback-Leibler divergence: given an i.i.d. sample from an unknown density $p^\star$, the goal is to construct an estimator $\widehat{p}$ such that $\mathrm{KL}(p^\star,\widehat{p})$ is small with high…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Spencer Compton , Gábor Lugosi , Jaouad Mourtada , Jian Qian , Nikita Zhivotovskiy

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) for language models has been proven effective in augmenting the capacity of models by dynamically routing each input token to a specific subset of experts for processing. Despite the success, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hao Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Huijia Wu , Zili Wang , Zhaofeng He , Jie Fu

Finite mixture models are widely used in econometric analyses to capture unobserved heterogeneity. This paper shows that maximum likelihood estimation of finite mixtures of parametric densities can suffer from substantial finite-sample bias…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-04 Raphaël Langevin

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become a key approach for scaling large language models efficiently by activating only a subset of experts during training and inference. Typically, the number of activated experts presents a trade-off:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yifei He , Yang Liu , Chen Liang , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Model merging dramatically reduces storage and computational resources by combining multiple expert models into a single multi-task model. Although recent model merging methods have shown promising results, they struggle to maintain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zijing Wang , Xingle Xu , Yongkang Liu , Yiqun Zhang , Peiqin Lin , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

We describe $k$-MLE, a fast and efficient local search algorithm for learning finite statistical mixtures of exponential families such as Gaussian mixture models. Mixture models are traditionally learned using the expectation-maximization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Frank Nielsen

We consider the problem of estimating probability density functions based on sample data, using a finite mixture of densities from some component class. To this end, we introduce the $h$-lifted Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-24 Mark Chiu Chong , Hien Duy Nguyen , TrungTin Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a variety of tasks. One of the main challenges towards the successful deployment of LLMs is memory management, since they typically involve billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Spyros Angelopoulos , Loris Marchal , Adrien Obrecht , Bertrand Simon

Recent years have seen a growing interest and adoption of LLMs, with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) emerging as a leading architecture in extremely large models. Currently, the largest open-source models reach over $1$T parameters. At such…

Scaling the size of language models usually leads to remarkable advancements in NLP tasks. But it often comes with a price of growing computational cost. Although a sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) can reduce the cost by activating a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shwai He , Run-Ze Fan , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Dacheng Tao

Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

The classical mixture of linear experts (MoE) model is one of the widespread statistical frameworks for modeling, classification, and clustering of data. Built on the normality assumption of the error terms for mathematical and…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-15 Elham Mirfarah , Mehrdad Naderi , Ding-Geng Chen