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Solar flare X-ray spectra are typically dominated by thermal bremsstrahlung emission in the soft X-ray ($\lesssim$10 keV) energy range; for hard X-ray energies ($\gtrsim$30 keV), emission is typically non-thermal from beams of electrons.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-08 James M. McTiernan , Amir Caspi , Harry P. Warren

Significant improvements in our understanding of nuclear $\gamma$-ray line production and instrument performance allow us to better characterize the continuum emission from electrons at energies $\gtrsim$ 300 keV during solar flares. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-25 Gerald H. Share , Ronald J. Murphy , Brian R. Dennis , Justin D. Finke

Impulsive solar energetic particle events are widely believed to be due to the prompt escape into the interplanetary medium of flare-accelerated particles produced by solar eruptive events. According to the standard model for such events,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 S. Masson , S. K. Antiochos , C. R. DeVore

We probe the spectral hardening of solar flares emission in view of associated solar proton events (SEPs) at earth and coronal mass ejection (CME) acceleration as a consequence. In this investigation we undertake 60 SEPs of the Solar Cycle…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-22 Sharad C Tripathi , Parvaiz A Khan , Aslam A M , A K Gwal , P K Purohit , Rajmal Jain

The degree of linear polarization in solar flares has not yet been precisely determined despite multiple attempts to measure it with different missions. The high energy range in particular has very rarely been explored, due to its greater…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 E. Suarez-Garcia , W. Hajdas , C. Wigger , K. Arzner , M. Guedel , A. Zehnder , P. Grigis

How impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events are produced by magnetic-reconnection-driven processes during solar flares remains an outstanding question. Here we report a short-duration SEP event associated with an X-class eruptive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-11 Meiqi Wang , Bin Chen , Trevor Knuth , Christina Cohen , Jeongwoo Lee , Haimin Wang , Sijie Yu

Imaging spectroscopy in X-rays with RHESSI provide the possibility to investigate the spatial evolution of the X-ray emitting electron distribution and therefore to study the transport effects on energetic electrons during solar flares. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-07 S. Musset , E. P. Kontar , N. Vilmer

Electrons are accelerated to high, non-thermal energies during explosive energy-release events in space, such as magnetic reconnection. However, the properties and acceleration mechanisms of relativistic electrons directly associated with…

Analysis of RHESSI 3--10 keV spectra for 27 solar flares is reported. This energy range includes thermal free--free and free--bound continuum and two line features, at 6.7keV and 8keV, principally due to highly ionized iron (Fe). We used…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 K. J. H. Phillips , C. Chifor , B. R. Dennis

The 'standard solar' flare model collects all physical ingredients identified by multi-wavelength observations of our Sun: magnetic reconnection, fast particle acceleration and the resulting emission at various wavelengths, especially in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 Wenzhi Ruan , Chun Xia , Rony Keppens

Magnetic reconnection is commonly perceived to drive flow and particle acceleration in flares of solar, stellar, and astrophysical disk coronae but the relative roles of different acceleration mecha- nisms in a given reconnection…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 Jared C. Workman , Eric G. Blackman , Chuang Ren

We study flare processes in the solar atmosphere using observational data for a M1-class flare of June 12, 2014, obtained by New Solar Telescope (NST/BBSO) and Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI/SDO). The main goal is to understand triggers…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-17 I. N. Sharykin , V. M. Sadykov , A. G. Kosovichev , S. Vargas-Dominguez , I. V. Zimovets

Plasmoids (or magnetic islands) are believed to play an important role in the onset of fast magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration during solar flares and eruptions. Direct imaging of flare current sheets and formation/ejection of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 Pankaj Kumar , Judith T. Karpen , Joel T. Dahlin

[Abridged]We present analysis of a pair of unusually energetic coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources detected by RHESSI during the impulsive phase of an X3.9 class solar flare on 2003 November 3, which simultaneously shows two intense footpoint…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Qingrong Chen , Vahe Petrosian

Nonthermal electrons accelerated in solar flares produce electromagnetic emission in two distinct, highly complementary domains - hard X-rays (HXRs) and microwaves (MWs). This paper reports MW imaging spectroscopy observations from the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Natsuha Kuroda , Gregory D. Fleishman , Dale E. Gary , Gelu M. Nita , Bin Chen , Sijie Yu

We investigate two microflares of GOES classes A9 and C1 (after background subtraction) observed by STIX onboard Solar Orbiter with exceptionally strong nonthermal emission. We complement the hard X-ray imaging and spectral analysis by STIX…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-12 Jonas Saqri , Astrid M. Veronig , Andrea Francesco Battaglia , Ewan C. M. Dickson , Dale E. Gary , Säm Krucker

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous astrophysical process that rapidly converts magnetic energy into some combination of plasma flow energy, thermal energy, and non-thermal energetic particles, including energetic electrons. Various…

By means of fully kinetic simulations, we investigate electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in a nonrelativistic proton--electron plasma with conditions similar to solar corona and flares. We demonstrate that reconnection leads…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-29 Xiaocan Li , Fan Guo , Hui Li , Gang Li

Most theoretical descriptions of the production of solar flare bremsstrahlung radiation assume the collision of dilute accelerated particles with a cold, dense target plasma, neglecting interactions of the fast particles with each other.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 R. K. Galloway , P. Helander , A. L. MacKinnon , J. C. Brown

This work is a continuation of Paper I [Sharykin et al., 2018] devoted to analysis of nonthermal electron dynamics and plasma heating in the confined M1.2 class solar flare SOL2015-03-15T22:43 revealing energy release in the highly sheared…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 I. N. Sharykin , I. V. Zimovets , I. I. Myshyakov