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A uniformly accelerated system will get thermally excited due to interactions with the vacuum fluctuations of the quantum fields. This is the Unruh effect. Also a system accelerated in a circular orbit will be heated, but in this case…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jon Magne Leinaas

The Unruh effect -- according to which linearly accelerated observers with proper acceleration a= constant in the (no-particle) vacuum state of inertial observers experience a thermal bath of particles with temperature $T_U = a \hbar / (2…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-26 Gabriel Cozzella , Andre G. S. Landulfo , George E. A. Matsas , Daniel A. T. Vanzella

In the shell model of nuclei, protons and neutrons move in a phenomenological nuclear potential much in the same manner as electrons move in Coulomb based potential in the shell model of atoms. As in the atomic case, the protons and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-08-08 Navid Rad , Douglas Singleton , Triyanta

We study the transition rates of an atom rotating in a circular orbit, which is coupled with fluctuating electromagnetic fields in vacuum. We find that when the rotational angular velocity exceeds the transition frequency of the atom, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-13 Yuebing Zhou , Jiawei Hu , Hongwei Yu

The Unruh effect states that a uniformly linearly accelerated observer with proper acceleration $a$ experiences the Minkowski vacuum as a thermal state at temperature $T_U=a/(2\pi)$. An observer in uniform circular motion experiences a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-29 Cameron R. D. Bunney , Jorma Louko

Detecting thermal Unruh radiation from accelerated electrons has presented a formidable challenge due not only to technical difficulties but also for lack of conceptual clarity about what is actually seen by a laboratory observer. We give a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-09 Gianluca Gregori , Giacomo Marocco , Subir Sarkar , Robert Bingham , Charles Wang

The Unruh effect, thereby an ideally accelerated quantum detector is predicted to absorb thermalized virtual photons and re-emit real photons, is significantly extended for laboratory accessible configurations. Using modern influence…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-27 Charles H. -T. Wang , Gianluca Gregori , Robert Bingham , Yakubu Adamu , Bethel N. Eneh , Maé C. Rodriguez , Sarah-Jane Twigg

The Unruh effect states that a uniformly linearly accelerated observer with proper acceleration $a$ experiences Minkowski vacuum as a thermal state in the temperature $T_{\text{lin}} = a/(2\pi)$, operationally measurable via the detailed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-28 Steffen Biermann , Sebastian Erne , Cisco Gooding , Jorma Louko , Jörg Schmiedmayer , William G. Unruh , Silke Weinfurtner

It is shown that the Unruh effect, i.e. the increase in temperature indicated by a uniformly accelerated thermometer in an inertial vacuum state of a quantum field, cannot be interpreted as the result of an exchange of heat with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-08 Detlev Buchholz , Rainer Verch

Quantum effects for electrons in a storage ring are studied in a co-moving, accelerated frame. The polarization effect due to spin flip synchrotron radiation is examined by treating the electron as a simple quantum mechanical two-level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jon Magne Leinaas

In idealized treatments of the Unruh effect, a two-level atom is accelerated in a prescribed classical trajectory through the vacuum of a quantum field -- the Unruh bath -- which causes the atom's internal state to thermalize to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-25 D. Jaffino Stargen , Vivishek Sudhir

We show under what conditions an accelerated detector (e.g., an atom/ion/molecule) thermalizes while interacting with the vacuum state of a quantum field in a setup where the detector's acceleration alternates sign across multiple optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Silas Vriend , Daniel Grimmer , Eduardo Martín-Martínez

The Unruh effect is essential to keep the consistency of quantum field theory in inertial and uniformly accelerated frames. Thus, the Unruh effect must be considered as well tested as quantum field theory itself. In spite of it, it would be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 Gabriel Cozzella , Andre G. S. Landulfo , George E. A. Matsas , Daniel A. T. Vanzella

The Unruh effect is a quantum relativistic effect where the accelerated observer perceives the vacuum as a thermal state. Here we propose the experimental realization of the Unruh effect for interacting ultracold fermions in optical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-12-17 Arkadiusz Kosior , Maciej Lewenstein , Alessio Celi

In contrast to recent criticism we undertake to show that the notion of Unruh temperature describes a real thermal property of the vacuum if viewed from an accelerated reference frame. We embed our investigation in a more general analysis…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-08 Manfred Requardt

The Unruh effect predicts that an accelerated observer perceives the Minkowski vacuum as a thermal bath, but its direct observation requires extreme accelerations beyond current experimental reach. Foundational theory [Olson & Ralph, Phys.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Zhenghao Luo , Yi Li , Xingyu Zhao , Zihan Xie , Zehua Tian , Yiheng Lin

Acceleration radiation - or Unruh radiation - the thermal radiation observed by an ever accelerating observer or detector, although having similarities to Hawking radiation, so far has proved extremely challenging to observe experimentally.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-05 Brian P. Dolan , Aonghus Hunter-McCabe , Jason Twamley

Derived from semi-classical quantum field theory in curved spacetime, Unruh effect was known as a quantum effect. We find that there does exist a classical correspondence of this effect in electrodynamics. The thermal nature of the vacuum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Shih-Yuin Lin

The Unruh effect predicts that a uniformly accelerated observer perceives the vacuum seen by an inertial observer as a thermal bath at a temperature proportional to its proper acceleration. This phenomenon is often regarded as a flat…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Yuebing Zhou , Jiawei Hu , Hongwei Yu

It has been predicted that an accelerating electron performs a Brownian motion in the inertial frame. This Brownian motion in the inertial frame has its roots in the interaction with the thermal excitation given by the Unruh effect in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-13 Shingo Takeuchi
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