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Related papers: Billiard complexity in the hypercube

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How best to quantify the information of an object, whether natural or artifact, is a problem of wide interest. A related problem is the computability of an object. We present practical examples of a new way to address this problem. By…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-14 Fionn Murtagh

We describe in details the nxnxn Rubik's Cube, namely a Rubik's Cube with n rotating slices in each face. Then we state and prove the "first law of Cubology", i.e. the solvability criterion, for it

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-20 Stefano Bonzio , Andrea Loi , Luisa Peruzzi

A Hilbert cube of dimension $d$ is the set of integers \[ H(a_{0}; a_{1}, \ldots, a_{d})=a_{0}+\{0, a_{1}\}+\cdots+\{0, a_{d}\}=\left\{a_{0}+\sum_{i=1}^{d}\varepsilon_{i}a_{i}:\;\varepsilon_{i}\in\{0,1\}\right\}. \] Brown, Erd\H{o}s and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Andrew Bremner , Christian Elsholtz , Maciej Ulas

We consider finite trees with edges labeled by letters on a finite alphabet $\varSigma$. Each pair of nodes defines a unique labeled path whose trace is a word of the free monoid $\varSigma^*$. The set of all such words defines the language…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-12 Srečko Brlek , Nadia Lafrenière , Xavier Provençal

The classical inner and outer billiards can be formulated in variational terms, with length and area as the respective generating functions. The other two combinations, ``inner with area'' and ``outer with length,'' are more recently…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Lael Edwards-Costa

Most classical results in circuit complexity theory concern circuits over the Boolean domain. Besides their simplicity and the ease of comparing different languages, the actual architecture of computers is also an important motivating…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Piotr Kawałek , Jacek Krzaczkowski

An atom of a regular language L with n (left) quotients is a non-empty intersection of uncomplemented or complemented quotients of L, where each of the n quotients appears in a term of the intersection. The quotient complexity of L, which…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-09 Janusz Brzozowski , Hellis Tamm

An $n\times n\times\dots\times n$ hypercube is made from $n^d$ unit hypercubes. Two unit hypercubes are neighbours if they share a $(d-1)$-dimensional face. In each step of a dismantling process, we remove a unit hypercube that has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 János Barát , Ian M. Wanless

The topological (resp. geodesic) complexity of a topological (resp. metric) space is roughly the smallest number of continuous rules required to choose paths (resp. shortest paths) between any points of the space. We prove that the geodesic…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-09 Donald M. Davis

We consider classical billiards in plane, connected, but not necessarily bounded domains. The charged billiard ball is immersed in a homogeneous, stationary magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. The part of dynamics which is not…

chao-dyn · Physics 2010-12-09 N. Berglund , H. Kunz

We classify hom-Lie structures with nilpotent twisting map on $3$-dimensional complex Lie algebras, up to isomorphism, and classify all degenerations in such family. The ideas and techniques presented here can be easily extrapolated to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-11-06 Edison Alberto Fernández-Culma , Nadina Elizabeth Rojas

This work proposes a proof of the simplest cubic primes counting problem. It shows that the subset of primes {p = n^3 + 2 is prime : n => 1} is an infinite subset of primes. Further, the expected order of magnitude of the cubic primes…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-02-20 N. A. Carella

The graph complexity of a compact 3-manifold is defined as the minimum order among all 4-colored graphs representing it. Exact calculations of graph complexity have been already performed, through tabulations, for closed orientable…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-12-06 P. Cristofori , E. Fominykh , M. Mulazzani , V. Tarkaev

Let $n \ge d \ge \ell \ge 1$ be integers, and denote the $n$-dimensional hypercube by $Q_n$. A coloring of the $\ell$-dimensional subcubes $Q_\ell$ in $Q_n$ is called a $Q_\ell$-coloring. Such a coloring is $d$-polychromatic if every $Q_d$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Eugene Han , David Offner

We consider the billiard in the exterior of a piecewise smooth body in two-dimensional Euclidean space and show that the maximum number of directions of invisibility in such billiard is at most finite.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-07-12 Alexander Plakhov , Vera Roshchina

We present a link between billiards in convex plane domains and Hofer's geometry, an area of symplectic topology. For smooth strictly convex billiard tables, we prove that the Hofer distance between the corresponding billiard ball maps…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Mark Berezovik , Konstantin Kliakhandler , Yaron Ostrover , Leonid Polterovich

We consider a remarkable $C^2$-smooth billiard table introduced by Hans L.Fetter. It is obtained by the string construction from a regular hexagon for a special value of the length of the string. It was suggested as a possible…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Misha Bialy , Baruch Youssin

Consider a face F in an arrangement of n Jordan curves in the plane, no two of which intersect more than s times. We prove that the combinatorial complexity of F is O(\lambda_s(n)), O(\lambda_{s+1}(n)), and O(\lambda_{s+2}(n)), when the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2011-08-23 Boris Aronov , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy

Some of the subtleties of the integrability of the elliptic quantum billiard are discussed. A well known classical constant of the motion has in the quantum case an ill-defined commutator with the Hamiltonian. It is shown how this problem…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-30 R. van Zon , Th. W. Ruijgrok

A Latin hypercuboid of order $n$ is a $d$-dimensional matrix of dimensions $n\times n\times\cdots\times n\times k$, with symbols from a set of cardinality $n$ such that each symbol occurs at most once in each axis-parallel line. If $k=n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Candida Bowtell , Alice Devillers , André Kündgen , Padraig Ó Catháin , Ian M. Wanless