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The discovery of a temperature asymmetry in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data towards various galaxies has opened a window for a deeper comprehension of galactic halos. A crucial step forward is that of estimating the fraction of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-17 Francesco De Paolis , Faryal Naseem , Noraiz Tahir

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mapped the distribution of temperature and polarization over the entire sky in five microwave frequency bands. These full-sky maps were used to obtain measurements of temperature and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Eiichiro Komatsu , Charles L. Bennett

Planck's data acquired during the first 15.4 months of observations towards both the disk and halo of the M31 galaxy are analyzed. We confirm the existence of a temperature asymmetry, previously detected by using the 7-year WMAP data, along…

Full sky maps are made in five microwave frequency bands to separate the temperature anisotropy of the CMB from foreground emission. We define masks that excise regions of high foreground emission. The effectiveness of template fits to…

Baryons constitute about 4% of our universe, but most of them are missing and we do not know where and in what form they are hidden. This constitute the so-called missing baryon problem. A possibility is that part of these baryons are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 F. De Paolis , G. Ingrosso , A. A. Nucita , D. Vetrugno , V. G. Gurzadyan , A. L. Kashin , H. G. Khachatryan , S. Mirzoyan , Ph. Jetzer , A. Qadir

Temperature asymmetry in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data by the Planck satellite has been discovered and analyzed toward several nearby edge-on spiral galaxies. It provides a way to probe galactic halo rotation, and to constrain…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-03 Noraiz Tahir , Francesco De Paolis , Asghar Qadir , Achille A. Nucita

To minimize instrumentally induced systematic errors, cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy experiments measure temperature differences across the sky using paires of horn antennas, temperature map is recovered from temperature…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-30 Hao Liu , Ti-Pei Li

Temperature maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, as those obtained by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), provide one of the most precise data sets to test fundamental hypotheses of modern cosmology. One of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Armando Bernui , Constantino Tsallis , Thyrso Villela

We present local extrema studies of two models that introduce a preferred direction into the observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature field. In particular, we make a frequentist comparison of the one- and two-point statistics…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Zhen Hou , A. J. Banday , K. M. Gorski , N. E. Groeneboom , H. K. Eriksen

We present new full-sky temperature maps in five frequency bands from 23 to 94 GHz, based on the first three years of the WMAP sky survey. The new maps, which are consistent with the first-year maps and more sensitive, incorporate…

The study of Planck microwave temperature maps towards several nearby spiral edge-on galaxies had revealed frequency independent temperature asymmetry of Doppler origin in their halos. On an example of M31, as of relatively detailed studied…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-02 A. Amekhyan

We report and analyse the presence of foregrounds in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation associated to extended galactic halos. Using the cross correlation of Planck and WMAP maps and the 2MRS galaxy catalogue, we find that the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-19 Heliana E. Luparello , Ezequiel F. Boero , Marcelo Lares , Ariel G. Sánchez , Diego García Lambas

Sky temperature map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is one of the premier probes of cosmology. To minimize instrumentally induced systematic errors, CMB anisotropy experiments measure temperature differences across the sky using…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-06-30 Hao Liu , Ti-Pei Li

We study the large-scale angular correlation signatures of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature fluctuations from WMAP data in several spherical cap regions of the celestial sphere, outside the Kp0 or Kp2 cut-sky masks. We…

(Abridged) New full sky temperature and polarization maps based on seven years of data from WMAP are presented. The new results are consistent with previous results, but have improved due to reduced noise from the additional integration…

We study inhomogeneities in the distribution of the excursion sets in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature maps obtained by the three years survey of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). At temperature thresholds…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 V. G. Gurzadyan , A. A. Starobinsky , A. L. Kashin , H. Khachatryan , G. Yegorian

We present an extensive frequentist analysis of the one-point statistics (number, mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis) and two-point correlation functions determined for the local extrema of the cosmic microwave background temperature…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-22 Zhen Hou , A. J. Banday , K. M. Gorski

We confirm at the $5.7\sigma$ level previous studies reporting Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperatures being significantly lower around nearby spiral galaxies than expected in the $\Lambda$CDM model. Results from our earlier work was…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Frode K. Hansen , Diego Garcia Lambas , Heliana E. Luparello , Facundo Toscano , Luis A. Pereyra

We present new full-sky temperature and polarization maps in five frequency bands from 23 to 94 GHz, based on data from the first five years of the WMAP sky survey. The five-year maps incorporate several improvements in data processing made…

We present the final nine-year maps and basic results from the WMAP mission. We provide new nine-year full sky temperature maps that were processed to reduce the asymmetry of the effective beams. Temperature and polarization sky maps are…

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