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This article reviews on-shell methods for analytic computation of loop amplitudes, emphasizing techniques based on unitarity cuts. Unitarity techniques are formulated generally but have been especially useful for calculating one-loop…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-20 Ruth Britto

A number theoretic algorithm is given for writing gauge theory amplitudes in a compact manner. It is possible to write down all details of the complete $L$ loop amplitude with two integers, or a complex integer. However, a more symmetric…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gordon Chalmers

We present work on two-loop amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theory with all gluons of identical helicity. We show how to obtain their rational terms -- the hardest parts to compute -- via well-understood one-loop unitarity techniques.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-15 David A. Kosower , Sebastian Pögel

We calculate one-loop string amplitudes of open and closed strings with N=1,2,4 supersymmetry in four and six dimensions, by compactification on Calabi-Yau and K3 orbifolds. In particular, we develop a method to combine contributions from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-10 Marcus Berg , Igor Buchberger , Oliver Schlotterer

Perturbative spectra and related factorization properties of one-loop open string amplitudes in the presence of a constant external background B are analysed in detail. While the pattern of the closed string spectrum, obtained after a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Bassetto , A. Torrielli , R. Valandro

We derive a linear relation between the one-loop five-point amplitude of N=8 supergravity and the one-loop five-point subleading-color amplitudes of N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 Stephen G. Naculich , Howard J. Schnitzer

Unitarity is the fundamental property of the S-matrix while its usage for a scattering of unstable particles has been subtle as unstable particles do not appear in the asymptotic states. Defining unstable-particle amplitudes as residues of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-05 Katsuki Aoki

We use on-shell recursion relations to determine the one-loop QCD scattering amplitudes with a massless external quark pair and an arbitrary number (n-2) of positive-helicity gluons. These amplitudes are the last of the unknown infrared-…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-15 Zvi Bern , Lance J. Dixon , David A. Kosower

We show how one-loop corrections to scattering amplitudes of scalars and gauge bosons can be obtained from tree amplitudes in one higher dimension. Starting with a complete tree-level scattering amplitude of n+2 particles in five…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-24 Freddy Cachazo , Song He , Ellis Ye Yuan

We present compact analytic formulae for the one-loop amplitudes for Higgs + 4 parton scattering, $0 \to g g g g h$, $0 \to \bar{q} q gg h$ and $0\to \bar{q} q \bar{q}^\prime q^\prime h$, mediated by a loop of massive coloured quarks. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-24 Lucy Budge , John M. Campbell , Giuseppe De Laurentis , R. Keith Ellis , Satyajit Seth

In this work we explore the properties of four-dimensional gravity integrands at large loop momenta. This analysis can not be done directly for the full off-shell integrand but only becomes well-defined on cuts that allow us to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-27 Enrico Herrmann , Jaroslav Trnka

We propose a candidate Compton amplitude which is valid for any (integer) quantum spin and free from any spurious poles. We consider the cases of electromagnetism and gravity. We obtain such amplitudes by calculating the corresponding ones…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-24 Thales Azevedo , Daniel E. A. Matamoros , Gabriel Menezes

We present a description for amplitude diagrams in maximal supergravities obtained by dimensional reduction from D=11, derived from a field theory point of view using the pure spinor formalism. The advantages of this approach are the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Martin Cederwall , Anna Karlsson

We study scattering amplitudes in massless non-abelian gauge theory where all outgoing gluons have positive helicity. It has been argued recently by Costello that for a particular fermion representation (8 fundamentals plus one…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-02 Lance J. Dixon , Anthony Morales

We calculate the four-graviton scattering amplitude in Type II superstring theory at one loop up to seventh order in the low-energy expansion through the recently developed iterated integral formalism of Modular Graph Functions (MGFs). The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-05 Emiel Claasen , Mehregan Doroudiani

The hybrid formalism for the superstring is used to compute one-loop amplitudes with an arbitrary number of external d=4 supergravity states. These one-loop N-point amplitudes are expressed as Koba-Nielsen-like formulas with manifest d=4…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Nathan Berkovits , Brenno Carlini Vallilo

Following the idea of Refs.[1,2], the double-copy-like decomposition of exchanged internal states in the world-line limit of one-loop string amplitudes is systematically formulated and generalized to both bosonic and heterotic string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-03 Yao Li

We discuss the Pad\'e approximation to the $\pi\pi$ scattering amplitudes in 1--loop chiral perturbation theory. The approximation restores unitarity and can reproduce the correct resonance poles, but the approximation violates crossing…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-01-17 Qin Ang , Zhiguang Xiao , H. Zheng , X. C. Song

We present the one-loop helicity amplitudes with five external gluons. The computation employs string-based methods, new techniques for performing tensor integrals, and improvements in the spinor helicity method.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-15 Z. Bern , L. Dixon , D. A. Kosower

The low-energy limit of the massless two-loop five-point amplitudes for both type IIA and type IIB superstrings is computed with the pure spinor formalism and its overall coefficient determined from first principles. For the type IIB…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-02 Humberto Gomez , Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer