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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the most widely used tool for linear dimensionality reduction and clustering. Still it is highly sensitive to outliers and does not scale well with respect to the number of data samples. Robust PCA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-24 Nauman Shahid , Vassilis Kalofolias , Xavier Bresson , Michael Bronstein , Pierre Vandergheynst

In many CAD-based applications, complex geometries are defined by a high number of design parameters. This leads to high-dimensional design spaces that are challenging for downstream engineering processes like simulations, optimization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alexander Köhler , Michael Breuß

In this work, we investigate Riemannian geometry based dimensionality reduction methods that respect the underlying manifold structure of the data. In particular, we focus on Principal Geodesic Analysis (PGA) as a nonlinear generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alaa El Ichi , Khalide Jbilou

Anomaly detection (AD) in images is a fundamental computer vision problem by deep learning neural network to identify images deviating significantly from normality. The deep features extracted from pretrained models have been proved to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zeyu Jiang , João P. C. Bertoldo , Etienne Decencière

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

This paper introduces a Projected Principal Component Analysis (Projected-PCA), which employs principal component analysis to the projected (smoothed) data matrix onto a given linear space spanned by covariates. When it applies to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-18 Jianqing Fan , Yuan Liao , Weichen Wang

Principal component analysis (PCA), a ubiquitous dimensionality reduction technique in signal processing, searches for a projection matrix that minimizes the mean squared error between the reduced dataset and the original one. Since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte

The success of algorithms in the analysis of high-dimensional data is often attributed to the manifold hypothesis, which supposes that this data lie on or near a manifold of much lower dimension. It is often useful to determine or estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-10 Anna C. Gilbert , Kevin O'Neill

Spatiotemporal traffic data (e.g., link speed/flow) collected from sensor networks can be organized as multivariate time series with additional spatial attributes. A crucial task in analyzing such data is to identify and detect anomalous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Xudong Wang , Luis Miranda-Moreno , Lijun Sun

Recovering intrinsic low dimensional subspaces from data distributed on them is a key preprocessing step to many applications. In recent years, there has been a lot of work that models subspace recovery as low rank minimization problems. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Hongyang Zhang , Zhouchen Lin , Chao Zhang , Junbin Gao

Principal component analysis (PCA), the most popular dimension-reduction technique, has been used to analyze high-dimensional data in many areas. It discovers the homogeneity within the data and creates a reduced feature space to capture as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Daning Bi , Le Chang , Yanrong Yang

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a standard tool for identifying good low-dimensional approximations to data in high dimension. Many data sets of interest contain private or sensitive information about individuals. Algorithms which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-08-09 Kamalika Chaudhuri , Anand D. Sarwate , Kaushik Sinha

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to analyze high-dimensional data, but it is very sensitive to outliers. Robust PCA methods seek fits that are unaffected by the outliers and can therefore be trusted to reveal them. FastHCS…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-25 E. Schmitt , K. Vakili

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a classical method for the reduction of dimensionality of data in the form of n observations (or cases) of a vector with p variables. For a simple model of factor analysis type, it is proved that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-29 Iain M Johnstone , Arthur Yu Lu

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized our ability to analyze gene expression at the cellular level. By providing data on gene expression for each individual cell, scRNA-seq generates large datasets with thousands of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Md Romizul Islam , Swakkhar Shatabda

Dimensionality reduction is an essential technique for multi-way large-scale data, i.e., tensor. Tensor ring (TR) decomposition has become popular due to its high representation ability and flexibility. However, the traditional TR…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Longhao Yuan , Chao Li , Jianting Cao , Qibin Zhao

The external visual inspections of rolling stock's underfloor equipment are currently being performed via human visual inspection. In this study, we attempt to partly automate visual inspection by investigating anomaly inspection algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Yohei Baba , Takuro Hoshi , Ryosuke Mori , Gaurang Gavai

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical and ubiquitous method for reducing data dimensionality, but it is suboptimal for heterogeneous data that are increasingly common in modern applications. PCA treats all samples uniformly so…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-02 David Hong , Kyle Gilman , Laura Balzano , Jeffrey A. Fessler

Generalization of time series prediction remains an important open issue in machine learning, wherein earlier methods have either large generalization error or local minima. We develop an analytically solvable, unsupervised learning scheme…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-21 Takuya Isomura , Taro Toyoizumi

Random projection is often used to project higher-dimensional vectors onto a lower-dimensional space, while approximately preserving their pairwise distances. It has emerged as a powerful tool in various data processing tasks and has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Wenye Li , Shuzhong Zhang