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The exoplanet mass radius diagram reveals that super Earths display a wide range of radii, and therefore mean densities, at a given mass. Using planet population synthesis models, we explore the key physical factors that shape this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Matthew Alessi , Julie Inglis , Ralph E. Pudritz

High-energy irradiation is a driver for atmospheric evaporation and mass loss in exoplanets. This work is based on data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument aboard SRG (Spectrum Roentgen Gamma) mission, as well as archival data from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-18 G. Foster , K. Poppenhaeger , N. Ilic , A. Schwope

The planetary effective surface temperature alone is insufficient to characterize exoplanet atmospheres and their stability or evolution. Considering the star-planet system as a whole is necessary, and a critical component of the system is…

We investigate how a protoplanetary disc's susceptibility to gravitational instabilities and fragmentation depends on the mass of its host star. We use 1D disc models in conjunction with 3D SPH simulations to determine the critical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-29 James Cadman , Ken Rice , Cassandra Hall , Thomas J. Haworth , Beth Biller

The habitability of planets is strongly affected by impacts from comets and asteroids. Indications from the ages of Moon rocks suggest that the inner Solar System experienced an increased rate of impacts roughly 3.8 Gya known as the Late…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-18 Mark Booth , Mark C. Wyatt , Alessandro Morbidelli , Amaya Moro-Martín , Harold F. Levison

The extreme conditions in the early stages of planetary evolution are thought to shape its subsequent development. High internal temperatures from giant impacts can provide sufficient energy to drive extreme volatile loss, with hydrogen…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-15 Darius Modirrousta-Galian , Jun Korenaga

Compared to the giant planets in the solar system, exoplanets have many remarkable properties such as the prevalence of giant planets on eccentric orbits and the presence of hot Jupiters. Planet-planet scattering (PPS) between giant planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-09 Yan-Xiang Gong , Ji-Lin Zhou , Ji-Wei Xie , Xiao-Mei Wu

Knowledge of both the mass and radius of an exoplanet allows us to estimate its mean density, and therefore its composition. Exoplanets seem to fill a very large parameter space in terms of mass and composition, and unlike the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Ravit Helled , Morris Podolak , Eran Vos

Free-floating planets are thought to be numerous in the Galaxy and may retain their moons after ejection from their natal systems. If those satellites acquire or preserve orbital eccentricity, tidal dissipation could provide a long-lasting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 Viktória Fröhlich , Zsolt Regály

We investigate the long-term impact of disc photoevaporation on the dynamical stability and evolution of giant planet pairs in mean motion resonances. Using two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with FARGO3D, in which we have included…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Emmanuel J. Greenfield , James E. Owen

Absorption of high-energy radiation in planetary thermospheres is believed to lead to the formation of planetary winds. The resulting mass-loss rates can affect the evolution, particularly of small gas planets. We present 1D, spherically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-27 M. Salz , S. Czesla , P. C. Schneider , J. H. M. M. Schmitt

The evolution of a giant planet within the stellar envelope of a main-sequence star is investigated as a possible mechanism for enhancing the stellar metallicities of the parent stars of extrasolar planetary systems. Three-dimensional…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Eric Sandquist , Ronald E. Taam , D. N. C. Lin , Andreas Burkert

We consider observational signatures of the collisions and partial destructions of giant exoplanets at the chaotic stage of the planetary systems evolution. The rate of these collisions in the Galaxy is estimated to be ~0.01-1 per yr. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-26 V. I. Dokuchaev , Yu. N. Eroshenko

We study the masses and radii of 65 exoplanets smaller than 4 Earth radii with orbital periods shorter than 100 days. We calculate the weighted mean densities of planets in bins of 0.5 Earth radii and identify a density maximum of 7.6 g/cc…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-18 Lauren M. Weiss , Geoffrey W. Marcy

Earth-sized planets were observed in close-in orbits around M dwarfs. While more and more planets are expected to be uncovered around M dwarfs, theories of their formation and dynamical evolution are still in their infancy. We investigate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-30 Yuji Matsumoto , Pin-Gao Gu , Eiichiro Kokubo , Shoichi Oshino , Masashi Omiya

Extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray emissions from stellar coronae drive mass loss from exoplanet atmospheres, and ultraviolet emission from stellar chromospheres drives photo-chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres. Comparisons of the spectral energy…

The fundamental properties of low-mass stars are not as well understood as those of their more massive counterparts. The best method for constraining these properties, especially masses and radii, is to study eclipsing binary systems, but…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Adam L. Kraus , Roy A. Tucker , Michael I. Thompson , Eric R. Craine , Lynne A. Hillenbrand

The UV environment of a host star affects the photochemistry in the atmosphere, and ultimately the surface UV environment for terrestrial planets and therefore the conditions for the origin and evolution of life. We model the surface UV…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-25 S. Rugheimer , A. Segura , L. Kaltenegger , D. Sasselov

We use a one-dimensional line-by-line radiative-convective model to simulate hot, dense terrestrial-planet atmospheres. We find that strong shortwave absorption by H2O and CO2 inhibits near-surface convection, reducing surface temperatures…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-05 Jessica Cmiel , Robin Wordsworth , Jacob T. Seeley

We explore the possibility that large-scale convection be inhibited over some regions of giant planet interiors, as a consequence of a gradient of composition inherited either from their formation history or from particular events like…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Gilles Chabrier , Isabelle Baraffe