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Related papers: The observer effect

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I start from the fundamental principles of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, without probability, and interpret them using the notion of coexistence: a quantum state can be read, not uniquely, as a coexistence of other quantum states,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-23 Éric Merle

Since its inception, quantum theory has been the subject of fierce interpretive controversy, which persists to this day. Disputed topics include the basic ontology and dynamics of the theory, the role (if any) of measurement, the meaning of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Tim Maudlin

Observational entropy captures both the intrinsic uncertainty of a thermodynamic state and the lack of knowledge due to coarse-graining. We demonstrate two interpretations of observational entropy, one as the statistical deficiency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Ge Bai , Dominik Šafránek , Joseph Schindler , Francesco Buscemi , Valerio Scarani

Owing to the contextuality of the properties of quantum objects, quantum mechanics does not appear to countenance the elision of the thinking and perceiving subject. If quantum objects owe their properties to the experimental conditions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Ulrich Mohrhoff

The paradox of Wigner's friend challenges the objectivity of description in quantum theory. A pragmatist interpretation can meet this challenge by judicious appeal to decoherence. On this interpretation, quantum theory provides situated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Richard Healey

We explore the sense in which the state of a physical system may or may not be regarded (an) observable in quantum mechanics. Simple and general arguments from various lines of approach are reviewed which demonstrate the following no-go…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Busch

A new constructivist approach to modeling in economics and theory of consciousness is proposed. The state of elementary object is defined as a set of its measurable consumer properties. A proprietor's refusal or consent for the offered…

General Physics · Physics 2011-10-25 I. G. Tuluzov , S. I. Melnyk

We introduce the concept of a "classical observable" as an operator with vanishingly small quantum fluctuations on a set of density matrices. It is shown how to construct them for a time evolved pure state. The study of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-29 Michiel Wouters

We consider pairs of quantum observables (POVMs) and analyze the relation between the notions of non-disturbance, joint measurability and commutativity. We specify conditions under which these properties coincide or differ---depending for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-10 Teiko Heinosaari , Michael M. Wolf

Observables and instruments have played significant roles in recent studies on the foundations of quantum mechanics. Sequential products of effects and conditioned observables have also been introduced. After an introduction in Section~1,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Stan Gudder

Quantum physics can only make statistical predictions about possible measurement outcomes, and these predictions originate from an operator algebra that is fundamentally different from the conventional definition of probability as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-11 Holger F. Hofmann

The evolution of a quantum system under observation becomes retarded or even impeded. We review this ``quantum Zeno effect'' in the light of the criticism that has been raised upon a previous attempt to demonstrate it, of later…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Peter E. Toschek , Christof Wunderlich

Symmetry is one of the most general and useful concepts in physics. A theory or a system that has a symmetry is fundamentally constrained by it. The same constraints do not apply when the symmetry is broken. The quantitative determination…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton

In this paper we study the problem of a possibility to use quantum observables to describe a possible combination of the order effect with sequential reproducibility for quantum measurements. By the order effect we mean a dependence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 Irina Basieva , Andrei Khrennikov

The history based formalism known as Quantum Measure Theory (QMT) generalizes the concept of probability-measure so as to incorporate quantum interference. The resulting \textit{quantum measure} $\mu$ is defined for arbitrary events (sets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Sanchari Chakraborti , Rafael D. Sorkin , Urbasi Sinha

The origin of non-classical correlations is difficult to identify since the uncertainty principle requires that information obtained about one observable invariably results in the disturbance of any other non-commuting observable. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-01 Holger F. Hofmann

In this paper, we suggest an alternative interpretation for the quantum state vector, which, by considering temporal parts for physical objects, aims to give an intelligible account of measurement problem in quantum mechanics. We examine…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Alireza Mansouri , Mehdi Golshani , Amir Ehsan Karbasizadeh

A generalized framework is developed which uses a set description instead of wavefunction to emphasize the role of the observer. Such a framework is found to be very effective in the study of the measurement problem and time's arrow.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhen Wang

Observability is a fundamental structural property of any dynamic system and describes the possibility of reconstructing the state that characterizes the system from observing its inputs and outputs. Despite the huge effort made to study…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Agostino Martinelli

We demonstrate that quantum instruments can provide a unified operational foundation for quantum theory. Since these instruments directly correspond to laboratory devices, this foundation provides an alternate, more experimentally grounded,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-13 Justin Dressel , Andrew N. Jordan