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Related papers: The World is Either Algorithmic or Mostly Random

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Randomness is fundamental in quantum theory, with many philosophical and practical implications. In this paper we discuss the concept of algorithmic randomness, which provides a quantitative method to assess the Borel normality of a given…

After the development of a self-consistent quantum formalism nearly a century ago there began a quest for how to interpret the theoretical constructs of the formalism. In fact, the pursuit of new interpretations of quantum mechanics…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-01-22 Stephen Boughn

The term artificial implies an inherent dichotomy from the natural or organic. However, AI, as we know it, is a product of organic ingenuity: designed, implemented, and iteratively improved by human cognition. The very principles that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Prajwal Ghimire , Keyoumars Ashkan

How can quantum mechanics be (i) the fundamental theoretical framework of contemporary physics and (ii) a probability calculus that presupposes the events to which, and on the basis of which, it assigns probabilities? The question is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-06 Ulrich Mohrhoff

In the Bayesian approach to probability theory, probability quantifies a degree of belief for a single trial, without any a priori connection to limiting frequencies. In this paper we show that, despite being prescribed by a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Carlton M. Caves , Christopher A. Fuchs , Ruediger Schack

The key observation about quantum reality is that it often appears as if, at some moment, the probability of a quantum event becomes a definite outcome for us. A careful analysis suggests, however, that what we perceive as a definite state…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Aleksandar Perisic

We apply recent ideas about complexity and randomness to the philosophy of laws and chances. We develop two ways to use algorithmic randomness to characterize probabilistic laws of nature. The first, a generative chance* law, employs a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Jeffrey A. Barrett , Eddy Keming Chen

Algorithmic systems make decisions that have a great impact in our lives. As our dependency on them is growing so does the need for transparency and holding them accountable. This paper presents a model for evaluating how transparent these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Yiannis Kanellopoulos

Artificial computing machinery transforms representations through an objective process, to be interpreted subjectively by humans, so the machine and the interpreter are different entities, but in the putative natural computing both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Luis A. Pineda

A system's apparent simplicity depends on whether it is represented classically or quantally. This is not so surprising, as classical and quantum physics are descriptive frameworks built on different assumptions that capture, emphasize, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-01 Cina Aghamohammadi , John R. Mahoney , James P. Crutchfield

Free will discourse is primarily centred around the thesis of determinism. Much of the literature takes determinism as its starting premise, assuming it true for the sake of discussion, and then proceeds to present arguments for why, if…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Henry D. Potter , George F. R. Ellis , Kevin J. Mitchell

Besides the purely digital or analog interpretation of reality there is a third possibility which incorporates important aspects of both. This is the cyclic formulation of elementary systems, in which elementary particles are represented as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-05-09 Donatello Dolce

I survey recent progress on a classic and challenging problem in social choice: the fair division of indivisible items. I discuss how a computational perspective has provided interesting insights into and understanding of how to divide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Toby Walsh

This paper explores the intersection of identity, individuality, and reality through competing frameworks, including classical metaphysics, quantum mechanics, and computational theories. Traditional metaphysical notions of fixed identity…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Krzysztof Sienicki

Current observations do not rule out the possibility that the Universe might end up in an abrupt event. Different such scenarios may be explored through suitable parameterizations of the dark energy and then confronted to cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-22 R. Lazkoz , V. Salzano , L. Fernandez-Jambrina , M. Bouhmadi-López

The concept of the cosmic web, viewing the Universe as a set of discrete galaxies held together by gravity, is deeply engrained in cosmology. Yet, little is known about the most effective construction and the characteristics of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-14 B. C. Coutinho , Sungryong Hong , Kim Albrecht , Arjun Dey , Albert-László Barabási , Paul Torrey , Mark Vogelsberger , Lars Hernquist

We present a computational model of mathematical reasoning according to which mathematics is a fundamentally stochastic process. That is, on our model, whether or not a given formula is deemed a theorem in some axiomatic system is not a…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-12-16 David H. Wolpert , David Kinney

It is proposed that the physical universe is an instance of a mathematical structure which possesses a dual structure, and that this dual structure is the collection of all possible knowledge of the physical universe. In turn, the physical…

General Physics · Physics 2008-05-26 Gordon McCabe

General topology of the universe is descibed. It is concluded that topology of the present universe is greater or stronger than the topology of the universe in the past and topology of the future universe will be stronger or greater than…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Aalok Pandya

A brief review is given of the present state of an approach to consistency between basic quantum mechanics and a unique macroscopic reality, with no assumption of branching in the state of the universe. The main new idea consists in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-08 Roland Omnes