English
Related papers

Related papers: Ignorability in Statistical and Probabilistic Infe…

200 papers

Statistics is sometimes described as the science of reasoning under uncertainty. Statistical models provide one view of this uncertainty, but what is frequently neglected is the 'invisible' portion of uncertainty: that assumed not to exist…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Oliver L. Pescott , Robin J. Boyd , Gary D. Powney , Gavin B. Stewart

The inferential model (IM) framework provides valid prior-free probabilistic inference by focusing on predicting unobserved auxiliary variables. But, efficient IM-based inference can be challenging when the auxiliary variable is of higher…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-20 Ryan Martin , Chuanhai Liu

Many existing approaches to generalizing statistical inference amidst distribution shift operate under the covariate shift assumption, which posits that the conditional distribution of unobserved variables given observable ones is invariant…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-13 Ying Jin , Naoki Egami , Dominik Rothenhäusler

We give a finite-sample analysis of predictive inference procedures after model selection in regression with random design. The analysis is focused on a statistically challenging scenario where the number of potentially important…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-26 Hannes Leeb

We consider the problem of distribution-free predictive inference, with the goal of producing predictive coverage guarantees that hold conditionally rather than marginally. Existing methods such as conformal prediction offer marginal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-16 Rina Foygel Barber , Emmanuel J. Candès , Aaditya Ramdas , Ryan J. Tibshirani

The study of treatment effects is often complicated by noncompliance and missing data. In the one-sided noncompliance setting where of interest are the complier and noncomplier average causal effects (CACE and NACE), we address outcome…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-25 Trang Quynh Nguyen , Michelle C. Carlson , Elizabeth A. Stuart

In this expository paper, we consider the problem of causal inference and efficient estimation for the counterfactual survivor function. This problem has previously been considered in the literature in several papers, each relying on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-02 Benjamin R. Baer , Ashkan Ertefaie , Robert L. Strawderman

Missing data is an universal problem in statistics. We develop a unified framework for estimating parameters defined by general estimating equations under a missing-at-random (MAR) mechanism, based on generalized entropy calibration…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Mst Moushumi Pervin , Hengfang Wang , Jae Kwang Kim

We develop a novel approach to tackle the common but challenging problem of conformal inference for missing data in machine learning, focusing on Missing at Random (MAR) data. We propose a new procedure Conformal prediction for Missing data…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-22 Wenlu Tang , Hongni Wang , Xingcai Zhou , Bei Jiang , Linglong Kong

Noncompliance and missing data often occur in randomized trials, which complicate the inference of causal effects. When both noncompliance and missing data are present, previous papers proposed moment and maximum likelihood estimators for…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-04 Hua Chen , Peng Ding , Zhi Geng , Xiao-Hua Zhou

Randomized experiments have long been the gold standard for scientists seeking to learn about cause and effect. When randomized experiments are infeasible, scientists often resort to observational studies, which are widely available and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Bohan Wu , Sebastian Salazar , Donald P. Green , David M. Blei

An inductive probabilistic classification rule must generally obey the principles of Bayesian predictive inference, such that all observed and unobserved stochastic quantities are jointly modeled and the parameter uncertainty is fully…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-25 Henrik Nyman , Jie Xiong , Johan Pensar , Jukka Corander

Observational studies are the primary source of data for causal inference, but it is challenging when existing unmeasured confounding. Missing data problems are also common in observational studies. How to obtain the causal effects from the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-15 Renzhong Zheng

All scientific interpretations of statistical outputs depend on background (auxiliary) assumptions that are rarely delineated or explicitly interrogated. These include not only the usual modeling assumptions, but also deeper assumptions…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-01 Sander Greenland , Zad Rafi , Robert Matthews , Megan Higgs

We study causal inference under case-control and case-population sampling. Specifically, we focus on the binary-outcome and binary-treatment case, where the parameters of interest are causal relative and attributable risks defined via the…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-24 Sung Jae Jun , Sokbae Lee

Generalized latent factor analysis not only provides a useful latent embedding approach in statistics and machine learning, but also serves as a widely used tool across various scientific fields, such as psychometrics, econometrics, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-11 Chengyu Cui , Gongjun Xu

Taking a rigorous formal approach, we consider sequential decision problems involving observable variables, unobservable variables, and action variables. We can typically assume the property of extended stability, which allows…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 A. Philip Dawid , Panayiota Constantinou

Invariant Causal Prediction (Peters et al., 2016) is a technique for out-of-distribution generalization which assumes that some aspects of the data distribution vary across the training set but that the underlying causal mechanisms remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Elan Rosenfeld , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

There have been controversies among statisticians on (i) what to model and (ii) how to make inferences from models with unobservables. One such controversy concerns the difference between estimation methods for the marginal means not…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-10-07 Youngjo Lee , John A. Nelder

Sequential decision-making systems routinely operate with missing or incomplete data. Classical reinforcement learning theory, which is commonly used to solve sequential decision problems, assumes Markovian observability, which may not hold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 MaryLena Bleile , Minh-Nhat Phung , Minh-Binh Tran