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Cities are some of the most intricate and advanced creations of humanity. Most objects in cities are perfectly synchronised to coordinate activities such as jobs, education, transportation, entertainment, and waste management. Although each…
Loosely based on principles of similarity-attraction, robots intended for social contexts are being designed with increasing human similarity to facilitate their reception by and communication with human interactants. However, the…
Today's probabilistic language generators fall short when it comes to producing coherent and fluent text despite the fact that the underlying models perform well under standard metrics, e.g., perplexity. This discrepancy has puzzled the…
When a medium composed of microscopic elements is subjected to a high intensity field, the individual behaviors of microscopic elements can become chaotic. In such cases it is important to consider the effects of this irregularity at…
Many networks in natural and human-made systems exhibit scale-free properties and are small worlds. Now we show that people's understanding of complex systems in their cognitive maps also follow a scale-free topology. People focus on a few…
In many classification tasks there is a requirement of monotonicity. Concretely, if all else remains constant, increasing (resp. decreasing) the value of one or more features must not decrease (resp. increase) the value of the prediction.…
Introduction: In contrast to current AI technology, natural intelligence -- the kind of autonomous intelligence that is realized in the brains of animals and humans to attain in their natural environment goals defined by a repertoire of…
Behavioural differences may arise in the absence of genetic or environmental variation. Chaotic dynamics may influence behavioural development, and so this among-individual variation. We discuss methods and experimental designs to test this…
Dynamical chaos is a term that encompasses a wide range of nonlinear phenomena such as turbulence, neuronal avalanches, weather patterns, and many others. However, despite much work in the field of chaos, its fundamental physical origin…
We present a study of morphological irregularity. Following recent work, we define an information-theoretic measure of irregularity based on the predictability of forms in a language. Using a neural transduction model, we estimate this…
A variety of nonlinear models of biological systems generate complex chaotic behaviors that contrast with biological homeostasis, the observation that many biological systems prove remarkably robust in the face of changing external or…
Biological systems rely on robust internal information processing: Survival depends on highly reproducible dynamics of regulatory processes. Biological information processing elements, however, are intrinsically noisy (genetic switches,…
Recently it has been found that different physical systems driven by identical random noise behave exactly identical after a long time. It is also suggested that this is an outcome of finite precision in numerical experiments. Here we show…
The dominant approach to sequence generation is to produce a sequence in some predefined order, e.g. left to right. In contrast, we propose a more general model that can generate the output sequence by inserting tokens in any arbitrary…
Complexity science offers a wide range of measures for quantifying unpredictability, structure, and information. Yet, a systematic conceptual organization of these measures is still missing. We present a unified framework that locates…
When an oscillator switches abruptly between different frequencies, there is some ambiguity in deciding how the system should be modelled at the switch. Here we describe two seemingly natural models of a switch in a simple…
A place to live is one of the most crucial necessities for all living organisms since the advent of life on planet Earth. The nature of homes has changed considerably over time. At the very early stages, human begins lived in natural places…
In a combinatorial communication system, some signals consist of the combinations of other signals. Such systems are more efficient than equivalent, non-combinatorial systems, yet despite this they are rare in nature. Why? Previous…
Inspired by the swarming or flocking of animal systems we study groups of agents moving in unbounded 2D space. Individual trajectories derive from a ``bottom-up'' principle: individuals reorient to maximise their future path entropy over…
The recent paper claims that mean characteristics of chaotic orbits differ from the corresponding values averaged over the set of unstable periodic orbits, embedded in the chaotic attractor. We demonstrate that the alleged discrepancy is an…