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We study the observable implications of an incomplete first order phase transition during inflation. In such a phase transition, the nucleated bubbles do not percolate and instead are continuously produced until the onset of reheating. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-20 Joel Barir , Michael Geller , Chen Sun , Tomer Volansky

We study the observational signatures from particle production of a $U(1)$ gauge field kinetically coupled to an inflaton. Regarding the form of gauge kinetic function, we consider the possibility that it becomes stabilized at a certain…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-20 Masahiro Kawasaki , Hiromasa Nakatsuka , Ippei Obata

We calculate the frequency dependence of gravitational wave background arising at second order of cosmological perturbation theory due to mixing of tensor and scalar modes. The calculation of the induced gravitational background is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Edgar Bugaev , Peter Klimai

We present an in depth discussion of the production of gravitational waves from an inflationary phase that could have occurred in the early universe, giving derivations for the resulting spectrum and energy density. We also consider the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-01 Martin White

Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) was the first laboratory to measure the gravitational waves. It was needed an exceptional experimental design to measure distance changes much less than a radius of a proton. In the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-24 Gerson R. Santos , Marcela P. Figueiredo , Antonio de Pádua Santos , Pavlos Protopapas , Tiago A. E. Ferreira

The recent observations from CMB have imposed a very stringent upper-limit on the tensor/scalar ratio $r$ of inflation models, $r < 0.064$, which indicates that the primordial gravitational waves (PGW), even though possible to be detected,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Taotao Qiu , Taishi Katsuragawa , Shulei Ni

The phenomenon of resonant production of particles {\it after} inflation has received much attention in the past few years. In a new application of resonant production of particles, we consider the effect of a resonance {\em during}…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Daniel J. H. Chung , Edward W. Kolb , Antonio Riotto , Igor I. Tkachev

We investigate the generation of gravitational waves in power-law inflationary models. The energy spectrum of the gravitational waves is calculated using the method of continuous Bogoliubov coefficients. We show that, by looking at the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-28 Paulo M. Sá , Alfredo B. Henriques

String cosmology models predict a relic background of gravitational wave produced during the dilaton-driven inflation. It's spectrum is most likely to be detected by ground gravitational wave laser interferometers (IFOs), like LIGO, Virgo,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Xi-Long Fan , Zong-Hong Zhu

If the refractive index of the tensor modes increases during a conventional inflationary stage of expansion the relic graviton spectrum is tilted towards high frequencies. Two apparently diverse parametrizations of this effect are shown to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-04 Massimo Giovannini

Cosmological vector fields are central to many early-Universe phenomena, including inflationary dynamics, primordial magnetogenesis, and dark-matter scenarios. However, constructing models able to generate cosmological magnetic fields while…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 H. V. Ragavendra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , L. Sriramkumar

We study the production of scalar-induced gravitational waves and primordial black holes in a single-field inflation model with a localized bump or dip feature in the potential. Introducing such a localized feature temporarily decelerates…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-13 Xiang Zhang , Zhao-Huan Yu

I will review briefly how inflation is expected to generate a stochastic background of primordial gravitational waves (GWs). Then, I will discuss how such GWs can be enhanced by a stiff period following inflation, enough to be observable. I…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-03 Konstantinos Dimopoulos

During inflation long wavelength gravitational waves are produced, which form stochastic background in the present universe with very wide range of frequencies. Higher frequency gravitational waves never experience super-Hubble-radius…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-04 Kamil Mudrunka , Kazunori Nakayama

We investigate two classes of inflationary models, which lead to a stiff period after inflation that boosts the signal of primordial gravitational waves (GWs). In both families of models studied, we consider an oscillating scalar…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-10 Chao Chen , Konstantinos Dimopoulos , Cem Eröncel , Anish Ghoshal

We investigate the gravitational-wave background predicted by a two-scalar-field cosmological model that aims to unify primordial inflation with the dark sector, namely late-time dark energy and dark matter, in a single and self-consistent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-05 Orlando Luongo , Tommaso Mengoni , Paulo M. Sá

One of the fundamental characteristics of slow roll inflation is its generation of tensor perturbations, which manifest as stochastic gravitational waves (GWs). Slow roll inflation results in a nearly scale-invariant GW spectrum that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-02 Suvashis Maity , Md Riajul Haque

There is a growing expectation that the gravitational wave detectors will start probing the stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds in the following years. We explore the spectral shapes of gravitational waves induced to second order by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 Ioannis Dalianis , Konstantinos Kritos

We consider the production of secondary gravity waves in Galileon inflation with an ultra-slow roll (USR) phase and show that the spectrum of scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in this case is consistent with the recent NANOGrav…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-23 Sayantan Choudhury , Ahaskar Karde , Sudhakar Panda , M. Sami

We study gravitational wave production from gauge preheating in a variety of inflationary models, detailing its dependence on both the energy scale and the shape of the potential. We show that preheating into Abelian gauge fields…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-20 Peter Adshead , John T. Giblin , Mauro Pieroni , Zachary J. Weiner