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This paper presents a survey and taxonomy of LLM fingerprinting and watermarking for identity, ownership verification, provenance, and generated-content attribution. Large language models (LLMs) require substantial investments in data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Bing Liu , Shunping Wang , Yufan Zhu , Xinyi Yu , Jing Huang , Linkang Du , Hongbin Pei , Wei Luo

In this paper, we introduce 2DR, a single RFID tag which can seamlessly sense two-dimensional human touch using off-the-shelf RFID readers. Instead of using a two-dimensional tag array to sense human finger touch on a surface, 2DR only uses…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-28 Shilin Zhu , Yilong Li

Latent fingerprint enhancement is an essential pre-processing step for latent fingerprint identification. Most latent fingerprint enhancement methods try to restore corrupted gray ridges/valleys. In this paper, we propose a new method that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yanming Zhu , Xuefei Yin , Jiankun Hu

In a general fractional factorial design, the $n$-levels of a factor are coded by the $n$-th roots of the unity. This device allows a full generalization to mixed-level designs of the theory of the polynomial indicator function which has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Giovanni Pistone , Maria Piera Rogantin

Given the high cost of large language model (LLM) training from scratch, safeguarding LLM intellectual property (IP) has become increasingly crucial. As the standard paradigm for IP ownership verification, LLM fingerprinting thus plays a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zixun Xiong , Gaoyi Wu , Qingyang Yu , Mingyu Derek Ma , Lingfeng Yao , Miao Pan , Xiaojiang Du , Hao Wang

In this article we mainly study linear codes over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ and their binary subfield codes. We construct linear codes over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ whose defining sets are the certain subsets of $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}^m$ obtained from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Hongwei Liu , Zihao Yu

Fingerprint reconstruction is one of the most well-known and publicized biometrics. Because of their uniqueness and consistency over time, fingerprints have been used for identification over a century, more recently becoming automated due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-08-09 Josphineleela Ramakrishnan , Ramakrishnan Malaisamy

Fingerprint recognition systems, which rely on the unique characteristics of human fingerprints, are essential in modern security and verification applications. Accurate minutiae extraction, a critical step in these systems, depends on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Raffaele Cappelli

Multimedia fingerprinting is a technique to protect the copyrighted contents against being illegally redistributed under various collusion attack models. Averaging attack is the most fair choice for each colluder to avoid detection, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Jing Jiang , Cailin Wen , Minquan Cheng

Identifying codes have been introduced in 1998 to model fault-detection in multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we introduce two variations of identifying codes: weak codes and light codes. They correspond to fault-detection by successive…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-06-21 Olivier Delmas , Sylvain Gravier , Mickael Montassier , Aline Parreau

Browser fingerprinting is a stateless tracking technique that attempts to combine information exposed by multiple different web APIs to create a unique identifier for tracking users across the web. Over the last decade, trackers have abused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Pouneh Nikkhah Bahrami , Umar Iqbal , Zubair Shafiq

Linear codes with few weights have significant applications in secret sharing schemes, authentication codes, association schemes, and strongly regular graphs. There are a number of methods to construct linear codes, one of which is based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Yadi Wei , Jiaxin Wang , Fang-Wei Fu

This article continues our study on simple bilevel and simple MPEC problems. In this article we focus on developing algorithms. We show how using the idea of a gap function one can represent a simple MPEC as a simple bilevel problem with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-16 Stephan Dempe , Nguyen Dinh , Joydeep Dutta , Tanushree Pandit

Surface codes are quantum error correcting codes normally defined on 2D arrays of qubits. In this paper, we introduce a surface code design based on the fact that the severity of bit flip and phase flip errors in the physical quantum…

Robust governance of GPU chips is important for mitigating risks from unauthorized development of advanced AI models. Current methods for monitoring chip location rely on ping-based protocols backed by cryptographic keys stored on-chip.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wayne Tee , Jonathan Happel

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) provide data that can be used for cryptographic purposes: on the one hand randomness for the initialization of random-number generators; on the other hand individual fingerprints for unique…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-07-31 Pol Van Aubel , Daniel J. Bernstein , Ruben Niederhagen

Recently, a vast number of image generation models have been proposed, which raises concerns regarding the misuse of these artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for generating fake images. To attribute the AI-generated images, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Jialiang Li , Haoyue Wang , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

AI developers are releasing large language models (LLMs) under a variety of different licenses. Many of these licenses restrict the ways in which the models or their outputs may be used. This raises the question how license violations may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yun-Yun Tsai , Chuan Guo , Junfeng Yang , Laurens van der Maaten

FPN is a common component used in object detectors, it supplements multi-scale information by adjacent level features interpolation and summation. However, due to the existence of nonlinear operations and the convolutional layers with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jialiang Ma , Bin Chen

A deep neural network (DNN) classifier represents a model owner's intellectual property as training a DNN classifier often requires lots of resource. Watermarking was recently proposed to protect the intellectual property of DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Xiaoyu Cao , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong