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Models based on assumptions of multivariate regular variation and hidden regular variation provide ways to describe a broad range of extremal dependence structures when marginal distributions are heavy tailed. Multivariate regular variation…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Janet E. Heffernan , Sidney I. Resnick

This paper studies properties of functions having monotone tails. We extend Theorem 1 of Dhaene et al. (2002a) and show how the tail quantiles of a random variable transformed with a monotone tail function can be expressed as the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Hamza Hanbali , Daniel Linders

Risk assessment for rare events is essential for understanding systemic stability in complex systems. As rare events are typically highly correlated, it is important to study heavy-tailed multivariate distributions of the relevant…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-02 Efstratios Manolakis , Anton J. Heckens , Benjamin Köhler , Thomas Guhr

We consider risk-neutral returns and show how their tail asymptotics translate directly to asymptotics of the implied volatility smile, thereby sharpening Roger Lee's celebrated moment formula. The theory of regular variation provides the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shalom Benaim , Peter Friz

We establish a statistical learning theoretical framework aimed at extrapolation, or out-of-domain generalization, on the unobserved tails of covariates in continuous regression problems. Our strategy involves performing statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-15 Stephan Clémençon , Nathan Huet , Anne Sabourin

In this paper, we compute multivariate tail risk probabilities where the marginal risks are heavy-tailed and the dependence structure is a Gaussian copula. The marginal heavy-tailed risks are modeled using regular variation which leads to a…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-04-12 Bikramjit Das , Vicky Fasen-Hartmann

Gaussian random vectors exhibit the loss of dimension phenomena, which relate to their joint survival tail behaviour. Besides, the fact that the components of such vectors are light-tailed complicates the approximations of various…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-10-09 E. Hashorva

Tail risk protection is in the focus of the financial industry and requires solid mathematical and statistical tools, especially when a trading strategy is derived. Recent hype driven by machine learning (ML) mechanisms has raised the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-08-25 Bruno Spilak , Wolfgang Karl Härdle

Random deflated risk models have been considered in recent literatures. In this paper, we investigate second-order tail behavior of the deflated risk X=RS under the assumptions of second-order regular variation on the survival functions of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-05-14 E. Hashorva , C. Ling , Z. Peng

Regular and rapid variation have been extensively studied in the literature and applied across various fields, particularly in extreme value theory. In this paper, we examine regular and rapid variation through the lens of generalized…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Haijun Li

Existing theory for multivariate extreme values focuses upon characterizations of the distributional tails when all components of a random vector, standardized to identical margins, grow at the same rate. In this paper, we consider the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-20 J. L. Wadsworth , J. A. Tawn

In risk management, tail risks are of crucial importance. The assessment of risks should be carried out in accordance with the regulatory authority's requirement at high quantiles. In general, the underlying distribution function is…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-15 Ingo Hoffmann , Christoph J. Börner

The upper extremes of a Markov chain with regulary varying stationary marginal distribution are known to exhibit under general conditions a multiplicative random walk structure called the tail chain. More generally, if the Markov chain is…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Johan Segers

For a risk vector $V$, whose components are shared among agents by some random mechanism, we obtain asymptotic lower and upper bounds for the individual agents' exposure risk and the aggregated risk in the market. Risk is measured by…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-04-12 Oliver Kley , Claudia Kluppelberg

Assessing the probability of occurrence of extreme events is a crucial issue in various fields like finance, insurance, telecommunication or environmental sciences. In a multivariate framework, the tail dependence is characterized by the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-26 Nicolas Goix , Anne Sabourin , Stéphan Clémençon

We consider random vectors $X$ that satisfy the equation in law $X=AX+B$, where $A$ is a given random diagonal matrix and $B$ a given random vector, both independent of $X$. It is well known by the works of Kesten and Goldie that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Ewa Damek , Sebastian Mentemeier

For measuring tail risk with scarce extreme events, extreme value analysis is often invoked as the statistical tool to extrapolate to the tail of a distribution. The presence of large datasets benefits tail risk analysis by providing more…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-18 Liujun Chen , Deyuan Li , Chen Zhou

Probabilistic forecasts comprehensively describe the uncertainty in the unknown future outcome, making them essential for decision making and risk management. While several methods have been introduced to evaluate probabilistic forecasts,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-23 Sam Allen , Jonathan Koh , Johan Segers , Johanna Ziegel

This paper investigates how two important sources of risk -- market tail risk and extreme market volatility risk -- are priced into the cross-section of asset returns across various investment horizons. To identify such risks, we propose a…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-13 Jozef Baruník , Matěj Nevrla

In this paper we introduce and study several multivariate, heavy-tailed distribution classes, and we explore their closure properties and their applications. We consider the class of multivariate, positively decreasing distributions, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Dimitrios G. Konstantinides , Charalampos D. Passalidis