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A semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol allows two users, one of whom is restricted in their quantum capabilities, to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all-powerful adversary. In this paper, we design a new SQKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-29 Hasan Iqbal , Walter O. Krawec

Mutually unbiased bases have been extensively studied in the literature and are simple and effective in quantum key distribution protocols, but they are not optimal. Here equiangular spherical codes are introduced as a more efficient and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-23 Joseph M. Renes

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most widely studied quantum cryptographic model that exploits quantum effects to achieve information-theoretically secure key establishment. Conventional QKD contains public classical post-processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Zixuan Hu , Zhenyu Li

We consider a strategic problem of the Evesdropping to quantum key distribution. Evesdropper hopes to obtain the maxium information given the disturbance to the qubits is often For this strategy, the optimized individual attack have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wang Xiang-bin

We perform a comparison of two protocols for generating a cryptographic key composed from d-valued symbols: one exploiting a string of independent qubits and another one utilizing d-level systems prepared in states belonging to d+1 mutually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. B. Horoshko , S. Ya. Kilin

We present and analyze a quantum key distribution protocol based on sending entangled N-qubit states instead of single-qubit ones as in the trail-blazing scheme by Bennett and Brassard (BB84). Since the qubits are sent individually, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-07 Olli Ahonen , Mikko Mottonen , Jeremy L. O'Brien

Quantum key distribution is one of the most fundamental cryptographic protocols. Quantum walks are important primitives for computing. In this paper we take advantage of the properties of quantum walks to design new secure quantum key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Chrysoula Vlachou , Walter Krawec , Paulo Mateus , Nikola Paunkovic , Andre Souto

Security analysis is a critical part in any cryptographic protocol, may it be classical or quantum. Without security analysis, one cannot ensure the secrecy of the distributed keys. To perform a conclusive security analysis, it is very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Sawan Bhattacharyya , Turbasu Chatterjee , Pankaj Agrawal , Prasenjit Deb

Satellite based quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to establish secure key exchange over long distances despite significant technological challenges. To alleviate some of these challenges, Ghalaii et al. [PRX Quantum 4, 040320 (2023)]…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Lewis Wooltorton , Twesh Upadhyaya , Mohsen Razavi

In conventional quantum key distribution protocols, the secure key is normally extracted from the measurement outcomes of the system. Here, a different approach is proposed, where the secure key is extracted from the measurement bases,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Xiongfeng Ma

Recently proposed quantum key distribution protocols are shown to be vulnerable to a classic man-in-the-middle attack using entangled pairs created by Eve. It appears that the attack could be applied to any protocol that relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Richard Kuhn

The Quantum Key Distribution protocol can encode a single quantum state and implements an information-theoretically secure key distribution protocol in communication. In the actual QKD experimental system, there are usually two encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Gao Feifei , Li Zhihui , Liu Chengji , Han Duo

The recently proposed phase-matching quantum key distribution offers means to overcome the linear key rate-transmittance bound. Since the key information is encoded onto the phases of coherent states, the misalignment between the two remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-13 Anran Jin , Pei Zeng , Richard V. Penty , Xiongfeng Ma

In this paper, security of practically decoy state quantum key distribution under fake state attack is considered. If quantum key distribution is insecure under this type of attack, decoy sources can not also provide it with enough…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-16 Yong-gang Tan

A precise security analysis of practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems is an important step for improving their performance. Here we consider a class of quantum soft filtering operations, which generalizes the unambiguous state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 D. A. Kronberg , A. S. Nikolaeva , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. K. Fedorov

In this paper we present finite-key security analysis for quantum key distribution protocol based on weak coherent (in particular phase-coded) states using a fully quantum asymptotic equipartition property technique. This work is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-12 Anton Kozubov , Andrei Gaidash , George Miroshnichenko

Quantum key distribution protocols typically make use of a one-way quantum channel to distribute a shared secret string to two distant users. However, protocols exploiting a two-way quantum channel have been proposed as an alternative route…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-13 Normand J. Beaudry , Marco Lucamarini , Stefano Mancini , Renato Renner

Quantum secret-sharing protocols involving N partners (NQSS) are key distribution protocols in which Alice encodes her key into $N-1$ qubits, in such a way that all the other partners must cooperate in order to retrieve the key. On these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Valerio Scarani , Nicolas Gisin

We propose a high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that employs temporal correlations of entangled photons. The security of the protocol relies on measurements by Alice and Bob in one of two conjugate bases, implemented…

Semi-quantum key distribution is traditionally based on two-level quantum systems. In this paper, an unconditional security of a semi quantum key distribution protocol based on higher-dimensional systems using various mutually unbiased…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-09 Hasnaa Hajji , Morad El Baz