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In this review, I discuss recent detailed studies of individual molecular clouds in M33 in higher rotational transitions of CO, 13CO, and the fine structure line of atomic carbon. These data reveal that the temperature and density of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. D. Wilson

We have studied 14 southern infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) using the data taken from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) survey and the GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL mid-infrared survey of the inner Galaxy. The physical and chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Xiao-Lan Liu , Jun-Jie Wang , Jin-Long Xu

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of $\mathrm{^{13}CO(J=1-0)}$ line and 104 GHz continuum emission from NGC 604, a giant HII region (GHR) in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. Our high spatial resolution…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-12 S. P. Phiri , J. M. Kirk , D. Ward-Thompson , A. E. Sansom , G. J. Bendo

We present new radio continuum observations, taken at 1.4 GHz with the Very Large Array, and new observations in the CO line, taken with the Plateau de Bure interferometer, of two regions of the spiral galaxy NGC 3627. Comparing these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. Paladino , M. Murgia , A. Tarchi , L. Moscadelli , C. Comito

We have observed rovibrational transitions of acetylene and HCN near 13 microns in absorption toward GL2591. We also observed rotational lines of CS, HCN, H2CO, and HCO+. The combined data are analyzed in terms of models with a cloud…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 John S. Carr , Neal J. Evans , J. H. Lacy , Shudong Zhou

We present high-resolution ($\sim$1000 AU) 3 mm observations with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array toward the DR21 South Filament, aiming to reveal its internal fragmentation and search for deeply embedded star-forming activities.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-13 Kai Yang , Keping Qiu , Xing Pan

In the circumnuclear region of the nearby radio galaxy NGC~1052. Our $\lambda$3mm VLBI observations with the Korean VLBI Network have spatially resolved the broad HCO$^{+}$ absorption at a velocity range of 1350--1850 km~s$^{-1}$ against a…

Context. This study is part of a large project to study the physics of accretion and molecular outflows towards a selected sample of high-mass star-forming regions that show evidence of infall and rotation from previous studies. Aims. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 M. T. Beltran , R. Cesaroni , Q. Zhang , R. Galvan-Madrid , H. Beuther , C. Fallscheer , R. Neri , C. Codella

CO(2-1) emission is often used as a tracer of the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) as an alternative to CO(1-0) emission in recent years. Therefore, understanding the environmental dependence of the line ratio of CO(2-1)/CO(1-0), $R_{21}$, on…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-23 Fumiya Maeda , Fumi Egusa , Kouji Ohta , Yusuke Fujimoto , Asao Habe , Yoshihisa Asada

The physical structure of hot molecular cores, where forming massive stars have heated up dense dust and gas, but have not yet ionized the molecules, poses a prominent challenge in the research of high-mass star formation and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-04 Rainer Rolffs , Peter Schilke , Qizhou Zhang , Luis Zapata

We report single-dish multi-transition measurements of the 12^CO, HCN, and HCO^+ molecular line emission as well as HNC J=1-0 and HNCO in the two ultraluminous infra-red galaxies Arp220 and NGC6240. Using this new molecular line inventory,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-03-27 T. R. Greve , P. P. Papadopoulos , Y. Gao , S. J. E. Radford

The amount of molecular gas is a key for understanding the future star formation in a galaxy. Because H2 is difficult to observe directly in dense and cold clouds, tracers like CO are used. However, at low metallicities especially, CO only…

We investigate interstellar absorption from molecular hydrogen (H_2) and metals in an intermediate-velocity cloud (IVC) in the direction of the LMC star Sk -68 80 (HD 36521), based on data from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 P. Richter , K. R. Sembach , J. C. Howk

H$_{\rm I}$ 21-cm and $^{12}$CO 2.6-mm line emissions respectively trace the atomic and molecular gas phases, but they miss most of the opaque H$_{\rm I}$ and diffuse H$_2$ present in the Dark Neutral Medium (DNM) at the transition between…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-28 Q. Remy , I. A. Grenier , D. J. Marshall , J. M. Casandjian

Water is a key molecule in the star formation process, but its spatial distribution in star-forming regions is not well known. We study the distribution of dust continuum and H2O and 13CO line emission in DR21, a luminous star-forming…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-14 F. F. S. van der Tak , M. G. Marseille , F. Herpin , F. Wyrowski

We study the relationship between molecular gas and dust in the California Molecular Cloud over an unprecedented dynamic range of cloud depth (Av = 3 - 60 magnitudes). We compare deep Herschel-based measurements of dust extinction with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-02-24 John Arban Lewis , Charles Lada , John Bieging , Anoush Kazarians , João Alves , Marco Lombardi

We present J=1-0 and J=2-1 12CO maps of several star-forming regions in both the Large and the Small Magellanic Cloud, and briefly discuss their structure. Many of the detected molecular clouds are relatively isolated and quite small with…

New HCN, HNC, and HCO+ measurements of 46 normal galaxies in transitions up to J=4-3 are included in a multitransition database covering HCN and HCO+ (130 galaxies) and HNC (94 galaxies). The near-linear luminosity relations are dominated…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-03-08 F. P. Israel

The goal of the present paper is to investigate the circumstellar material around the brightest dust-enshrouded sources in the central stellar cluster of the Milky Way. Observations have been carried out at the European Southern…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-10-02 J. Moultaka , A. Eckart , R. Schödel

Spectral line survey observations of 7 molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) have been conducted in the 3 mm band with the Mopra 22 m telescope to reveal chemical compositions in low metallicity conditions. Spectral lines of…