Related papers: On Classical Ideal Gases
The probability distribution of the entropy production for the effusion of an ideal gas between two compartments is calculated explicitly. The fluctuation theorem is verified. The analytic results are in good agreement with numerical data…
The thermodynamical entropy of a system which consists of different kinds of ideal gases is known to be defined successfully in the case when the differences are described by classical or quantum theory. Since these theories are special…
A generalized entropy arising in the context of superstatistics is obtained for an ideal gas. The curvature scalar associated to the thermodynamic space generated by this modified entropy is calculated using two formalisms of the geometric…
The aim of this work is to analyze the entropy, entropy flux and entropy supply rate of granular fluids within the frameworks of the Boltzmann equation and continuum thermodynamics. It is shown that the entropy inequality for a granular gas…
Despite its importance in geological sciences, our understanding of interactions between gas and condensed phases (comprising solids and liquids) remains clouded by the fact that, often, only indirect evidence remains for their occurrence.…
Collections of self-propelled particles that move persistently by continuously consuming free energy are a paradigmatic example of active matter. In these systems, unlike Brownian "hot colloids", the breakdown of detailed balance yields a…
There is the Gibbs theorem in thermodynamics, according to which the entropy of the mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sum of the entropies of the components of the mixture. J. W. Gibbs proved this by a mathematical derivation from the…
Transport is one of the most important physical processes in all energy and length scales. Ideal gases and hydrodynamics are, respectively, two opposite limits of transport. Here, we present an unexpected mathematical connection between…
A mathematical procedure is suggested to obtain deformed entropy formulas of type K(S_K) = sum_i P_i K(-ln P_i), by requiring zero mutual K(S_K)-information between a finite subsystem and a finite reservoir. The use of this method is first…
The second law of equilibrium thermodynamics explains the direction of spontaneous processes in a system after removing internal constraints. When the system only exchanges energy with the environment as heat, the second law states that…
The issue of the thermalization of an isolated quantum system is addressed by considering a perfect gas confined by gravity and initially trapped above a certain height. As we are interested in the behavior of truly isolated systems, we…
Thermodynamic relations are derived from first principles of mechanics for non-equilibrium processes. Since the key role herein is played by the law of increase of entropy, the latter is analyzed at first. It is shown that its derivation…
The quantum statistical mechanics of an ideal gas with a general free-particle energy obeying fractional exclusion statistics are systematically investigated in arbitrary dimensions. The pressure relations, the relation between pressure and…
The entropy principle shows that, for self-gravitating perfect fluid, the Einstein field equations can be derived from the extrema of the total entropy, and the thermodynamical stability criterion are equivalent to the dynamical stability…
As no heat effect and mechanical work are observed, we have a simple experimental resolution of the Gibbs paradox: both the thermodynamic entropy of mixing and the Gibbs free energy change are zero during the formation of any ideal…
There is a paradox in the standard model of cosmology. How can matter in the early universe have been in thermal equilibrium, indicating maximum entropy, but the initial state also have been low entropy (the "past hypothesis"), so as to…
Diffusivity, a measure for how rapidly a fluid self-mixes, shows an intimate, but seemingly fragmented, connection to thermodynamics. On one hand, the "configurational" contribution to entropy (related to the number of mechanically-stable…
Numerical simulations of convection in a layer filled with ideal gas are presented. The control parameters are chosen such that there is a significant variation of density of the gas in going from the bottom to the top of the layer. The…
The article reveals the error that in classical thermodynamics leads to the Gibbs paradox. The essence of the error lies in the fact that the entropy of an ideal gas is attributed to additive quantities, but it is not correct. The value of…
Different models are described where non-interacting particles generate dissipative effective forces by the mixing of infinitely many soft normal modes. The effective action is calculated for these models within the Closed Time Path…