Related papers: Peirce's Truth-functiona Analysis and the Origin o…
The pseudoinverse of a matrix, a generalized notion of the inverse, is of fundamental importance in linear algebra and, thereby, in many different fields. Despite its proven existence, an algorithmic approach is typically necessary to…
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between various conditions implying essential undecidability: our main result is that there exists a theory $T$ in which all partially recursive functions are representable, yet $T$…
This is an expanded version of the notes for the lectures given by the author at RIMS in the summer of 1999 to give a detailed account of the proof for the (weak) factorization theorem of birational maps by…
In this work we propose a multi-valued extension of logic programs under the stable models semantics where each true atom in a model is associated with a set of justifications, in a similar spirit than a set of proof trees. The main…
In the last decades the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse has found a wide range of applications in many areas of Science and became a useful tool for physicists dealing, for instance, with optimization problems, with data analysis, with the…
The term 'neutrinoless' is a cornerstone of modern particle physics, yet it defines a fundamental process by what is missing rather than what is created. We trace the origins of this privative neologism to a 1953 experimental claim and show…
We argue that traditional formulations of the reduction thesis that tie it to privileged relational operations do not suffice for Peirce's justification of the categories, and invite the charge of gerrymandering to make it come out as true.…
This text is the English translation, due to Naoufal Bouchareb, of an unpublished manuscript of 1969 (the French version is available on HAL as hal-00384928) inspired by Zariski's theory of saturation. Its publication is justified by the…
The field of proof-theoretic semantics (P-tS) offers an alternative approach to meaning in logic that is based on inference and argument (rather than truth in a model). It has been successfully developed for various logics; in particular,…
Justification theory is a unifying framework for semantics of non-monotonic logics. It is built on the notion of a justification, which intuitively is a graph that explains the truth value of certain facts in a structure. Knowledge…
Sir Rudolph Peierls, in a reply to John Bell's last critique of the state of our understanding of quantum mechanics, maintained that it is easy to give an acceptable account of the physical significance of the quantum theory. The key is to…
In this position paper, we propose a reasoning framework that can model the reasoning process underlying natural language inferences. The framework is based on the semantic tableau method, a well-studied proof system in formal logic. Like…
Contrastive explanation methods go beyond transparency and address the contrastive aspect of explanations. Such explanations are emerging as an attractive option to provide actionable change to scenarios adversely impacted by classifiers'…
In this work, we show that both logic programming and abstract argumentation frameworks can be interpreted in terms of Nelson's constructive logic N4. We do so by formalizing, in this logic, two principles that we call non-contradictory…
In 1931, G\"odel presented in K\"onigsberg his famous Incompleteness Theorem, stating that some true mathematical statements are unprovable. Yet, this result gives us no idea about those independent (that is, true and unprovable)…
We revisit the fundamentals of Circuit Complexity and the nature of efficient computation from a fresh perspective. We present a framework for understanding Circuit Complexity through the lens of Information Theory with analogies to results…
The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economics recognized an epistemology of causal inference based on the Rubin causal model (Rubin 1974), which merits broader attention in philosophy. This model, in fact, presupposes a logical principle of…
In a 1985 commentary to his collected works, Kolmogorov informed the reader that his 1932 paper 'On the interpretation of intuitionistic logic' "was written in hope that with time, the logic of solution of problems [i.e., intuitionistic…
This is an expository paper about applications of ruled surface theory in incidence geometry. It surveys the results that have been proven, gives an overview of the methods, and discusses some open problems and further directions. It will…
Convincing someone of the truth value of a premise requires understanding and articulating the core logical structure of the argument which proves or disproves the premise. Understanding the logical structure of an argument refers to…