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The emergence of a complex, large-scale organisation of cosmic matter into the Cosmic Web is a beautiful exemplification of how complexity can be produced by simple initial conditions and simple physical laws. In the epoch of Big Data in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Franco Vazza

Philosophical thinking has a side effect: by aiming to find the essence of a diverse set of phenomena, it often makes it difficult to see the differences between them. This can be the case with Mathematics, Programming, Writing and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Attila Egri-Nagy

As we begin to reach the limits of classical computing, quantum computing has emerged as a technology that has captured the imagination of the scientific world. While for many years, the ability to execute quantum algorithms was only a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-12 Bela Bauer , Sergey Bravyi , Mario Motta , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

This paper explores the relationship of artificial intelligence to the task of resolving open questions in mathematics. We first present an updated version of a traditional argument that limitative results from computability and complexity…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-08 Walter Dean , Alberto Naibo

Open quantum systems are ubiquitous in the physical sciences, with widespread applications in the areas of chemistry, condensed matter physics, material science, optics, and many more. Not surprisingly, there is significant interest in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-13 Isobel A. Aloisio , Gregory A. L. White , Charles D. Hill , Kavan Modi

Computational complexity is examined using the principle of increasing entropy. To consider computation as a physical process from an initial instance to the final acceptance is motivated because many natural processes have been recognized…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-20 Arto Annila

Students of Computer Science often wonder when, exactly, one can apply a greedy algorithm to a problem, and when one must use the more complicated and time-consuming techniques of dynamic programming. This paper argues that the existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Eugene Callahan , Robert Murphy , Anas Elghafari

Quantum computing, leveraging quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement, is emerging as a transformative force in computing technology, promising unparalleled computational speed and efficiency crucial for engineering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Osama Muhammad Raisuddin , Suvranu De

The purpose of this note is to raise two different questions, which are rarely if ever considered, and to which, it seems, we lack convincing, systematic answers. These questions can be posed as: - Why do we compute? - What do we compute?…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-20 Samson Abramsky

The introduction of new tools in people's workflow has always been promotive of new creative paths. This paper discusses the impact of using computational tools in the performance of creative tasks, especially focusing on graphic design.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Daniel Lopes , Jéssica Parente , Pedro Silva , Licínio Roque , Penousal machado

This is a contribution to a book on quantum gravity and philosophy. I discuss nature and origin of the problem of quantum gravity. I examine the knowledge that may guide us in addressing this problem, and the reliability of such knowledge.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlo Rovelli

To better understand the deep significance of our best physical theories it could be interesting to compare our Universe with its models. It may happen that the differences between the model and reality can be made indistinguishable, to the…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Giorgio Fontana

The past century has seen a steady increase in the need of estimating and predicting complex systems and making (possibly critical) decisions with limited information. Although computers have made possible the numerical evaluation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-13 Houman Owhadi , Clint Scovel

We show that a separation between the class of all problems that can efficiently be solved on a quantum computer and those solvable using probabilistic classical algorithms in polynomial time implies the generalized contextuality of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Farid Shahandeh

Quantum Computing is an exciting field that draws from information theory, computer science, mathematics, and quantum physics to process information in fundamentally new ways. There is an ongoing race to develop practical quantum computers…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-05-16 Tunde Kushimo , Beth Thacker

Computational thinking in physics has many different forms, definitions, and implementations depending on the level of physics, or the institution it is presented in. In order to better integrate computational thinking in introductory…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-08-08 Justin Gambrell , Eric Brewe

While probability theory is normally applied to external environments, there has been some recent interest in probabilistic modeling of the outputs of computations that are too expensive to run. Since mathematical logic is a powerful tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Scott Garrabrant , Benya Fallenstein , Abram Demski , Nate Soares

Quantum computing is the process of performing calculations using quantum mechanics. This field studies the quantum behavior of certain subatomic particles for subsequent use in performing calculations, as well as for large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 David Peral García , Juan Cruz-Benito , Francisco José García-Peñalvo

We consider the issue of computability at the most fundamental level of physical reality: the Planck scale. To this aim, we consider the theoretical model of a quantum computer on a non commutative space background, which is a computational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Paola Zizzi

The discovery of an algorithm for factoring which runs in polynomial time on a quantum computer has given rise to a concerted effort to understand the principles, advantages, and limitations of quantum computing. At the same time, many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chris Adami , Jonathan P. Dowling