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Related papers: Quark Recombination and Heavy Quark Diffusion in H…

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We study heavy flavor evolution and hadronization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The in-medium evolution of heavy quarks is described using our modified Langevin framework that incorporates both collisional and radiative energy loss…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-10-28 Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin , Steffen A Bass

The diffusion coefficients of heavy quarks from the coherent color electromagnetic fields which are generated in the early stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions are calculated at midrapidity, and compared with those obtained from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-12-18 Taesoo Song , Thomas Epelbaum

We review the problem of heavy-quark diffusion in the Quark-Gluon Plasma and its ramifications for heavy-quark spectra in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. In particular, we attempt to reconcile underlying mechanisms of several seemingly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-01-15 Ralf Rapp

Heavy-flavor particles are believed to provide valuable probes of the medium produced in ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy nuclei. In this article we review recent progress in our understanding of the interactions of charm and bottom…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-21 Ralf Rapp , Hendrik van Hees

We present a new model for the description of heavy-quark hadronization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the presence of a reservoir of lighter thermal particles with which recombination can occur leading to the formation of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-07-27 Andrea Beraudo , Arturo De Pace , Marco Monteno , Marzia Nardi , Francesco Prino

Hadronization is a fundamental process occurring at a distance scale of about $1\,\rm fm \simeq \Lambda_{QCD}^{-1} $, hence within non-perturbative dynamics. In elementary collisions, like $e^+e^-$, $e^-p$, or $pp$, phenomenological…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-01 Rainer J. Fries , Vincenzo Greco , Ralf Rapp

We study heavy quark energy loss and thermalization in hot and dense nuclear medium. The diffusion of heavy quarks is calculated via a Langevin equation, both for a static medium as well as for a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium generated by…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin , Steffen A. Bass

We report on recent research on the properties of elementary particle matter governed by the strong force at high temperatures, where QCD predicts hadrons to dissolve into the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). After a short introduction to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-05-04 R. Rapp , H. van Hees

Employing nonperturbative transport coefficients for heavy-flavor (HF) diffusion through quark-gluon plasma (QGP), hadronization and hadronic matter, we compute $D$- and $B$-meson observables in Pb+Pb ($\sqrt{s}$=2.76\,TeV) collisions at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-18 Min He , Rainer J. Fries , Ralf Rapp

We develop a new formulation of the quark coalescence model by including the quark number conservation in order to describe the hadronization of the bulk of the quark-gluon plasma. The scalings between hadron and quark phase space…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-06-20 Zi-Wei Lin

In ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions heavy quarks are produced out of thermal equilibrium in the very early stage of the reaction and their thermalization time was expected to be considerably larger than that of light quarks. On the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-09-28 V. Greco , H. van Hees , R. Rapp

The drag and diffusion coefficients of heavy quarks (HQs) have been evaluated in the pre-equilibrium phase of the evolving fireball produced in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. The KLN and classical Yang-Mills spectra have…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-08-05 Santosh K. Das , Marco Ruggieri , Surasree Mazumder , Vincenzo Greco , Jan-e Alam

We calculate the heavy quark evolution in heavy ion collisions and show results for the elliptic flow $v_2$ as well as the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ at RHIC and LHC energies. For the calculation we implement a Langevin approach…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-12 Thomas Lang , Hendrik van Hees , Jan Steinheimer , Yu-Peng Yan , Marcus Bleicher

We develop a comprehensive model for heavy-quark evolution in a realistic QGP, from their production in the initial collision to hadronic freeze-out. Heavy-quark transport is described by a Langevin approach including medium-induced…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-13 Yu Fu , Tharun Krishna , Weiyao Ke , Steffen A. Bass , Ralf Rapp

The modifications of $D_s$-meson spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are identified as a quantitative probe of key properties of the hot nuclear medium. This is enabled by the unique valence-quark content of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-03-27 Min He , Rainer J. Fries , Ralf Rapp

We assess transport properties of heavy quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) that show a strong non-perturbative behavior. A T-matrix approach based on a potential taken from lattice QCD hints at the presence of heavy-quark (HQ) resonant…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 V. Greco , H. van Hees , R. Rapp

We construct a theoretical framework to describe the evolution of heavy flavors produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The in-medium energy loss of heavy quarks is described using our modified Langevin equation that incorporates…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-08-19 Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin , Steffen A. Bass

Understanding the hadronization of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) remains a challenging problem in the study of strong-interaction matter as produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHICs). The large mass of heavy quarks renders…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-02-05 Min He , Ralf Rapp

We employ the Boltzmann equation for describing hadron production from a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We propose resonance formation in quark-antiquark scattering as the dominant meson-production…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 L. Ravagli , R. Rapp

We present an analysis of $\Omega$, $\Xi$, $\Lambda$ and $\phi$ spectra from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV in terms of distributions of effective constituent quarks at hadronization. Consistency in quark ratios derived from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 J. H. Chen , F. Jin , D. Gangadharan , X. Z. Cai , H. Z. Huang , Y. G. Ma