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We study the relationship between problems solvable by quantum algorithms in polynomial time and those for which zero-knowledge proofs exist. In prior work, Aaronson [arxiv:quant-ph/0111102] showed an oracle separation between BQP and SZK,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Benjamin Morrison , Adam Groce

We introduce a new model of teaching named "preference-based teaching" and a corresponding complexity parameter---the preference-based teaching dimension (PBTD)---representing the worst-case number of examples needed to teach any concept in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Ziyuan Gao , Christoph Ries , Hans Ulrich Simon , Sandra Zilles

We examine a parameterized complexity class for randomized computation where only the error bound and not the full runtime is allowed to depend more than polynomially on the parameter, based on a proposal by Kwisthout in [15,16]. We prove…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Nils Donselaar

If one modifies the laws of Quantum Mechanics to allow nonlinear evolution of quantum states, this paper shows that NP-complete problems would be efficiently solvable in polynomial time with bounded probability (NP in BQP). With that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Phil Gossett

The classification problem of $P$- and $Q$-polynomial association schemes has been one of the central problems in algebraic combinatorics. Generalizing the concept of $P$- and $Q$-polynomial association schemes to multivariate cases, namely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Eiichi Bannai , Hirotake Kurihara , Da Zhao , Yan Zhu

We study the complexity of problems solvable in deterministic polynomial time with access to an NP or Quantum Merlin-Arthur (QMA)-oracle, such as $P^{NP}$ and $P^{QMA}$, respectively. The former allows one to classify problems more finely…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sevag Gharibian , Dorian Rudolph

The class $\mathcal{UP}$ of `ultimate polynomial time' problems over $\mathbb C$ is introduced; it contains the class $\mathcal P$ of polynomial time problems over $\mathbb C$. The $\tau$-Conjecture for polynomials implies that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Gregorio Malajovich

Quantum counting is the task of determining the dimension of the subspace of states that are accepted by a quantum verifier circuit. It is the quantum analog of counting the number of valid solutions to NP problems -- a problem well-studied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Mason L. Rhodes , Sam Slezak , Anirban Chowdhury , Yiğit Subaşı

The relationship between the complexity classes P and NP is an unsolved question in the field of theoretical computer science. In this paper, we look at the link between the P - NP question and the "Deterministic" versus "Non Deterministic"…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-03-28 M. Rémon

In this article we introduce a new complexity class called PQMA_log(2). Informally, this is the class of languages for which membership has a logarithmic-size quantum proof with perfect completeness and soundness which is polynomially close…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-25 Hugue Blier , Alain Tapp

Whether the class QMA (Quantum Merlin Arthur) is equal to QMA1, or QMA with one-sided error, has been an open problem for years. This note helps to explain why the problem is difficult, by using ideas from real analysis to give a "quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-23 Scott Aaronson

We study the complexity of computational problems from quantum physics. Typically, they are studied using the complexity class QMA (quantum counterpart of NP) but some natural computational problems appear to be slightly harder than QMA. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-11 Andris Ambainis

This chapter delves into the realm of computational complexity, exploring the world of challenging combinatorial problems and their ties with statistical physics. Our exploration starts by delving deep into the foundations of combinatorial…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-10-04 Raffaele Marino

We prove two sets of results concerning computational complexity classes. The first concerns a variation of the random oracle hypothesis posed by Bennett and Gill after they showed that relative to a randomly chosen oracle, P not equal NP…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Alex Creiner , Stephen Jackson

Capretta's delay monad can be used to model partial computations, but it has the "wrong" notion of built-in equality, strong bisimilarity. An alternative is to quotient the delay monad by the "right" notion of equality, weak bisimilarity.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Thorsten Altenkirch , Nils Anders Danielsson , Nicolai Kraus

This paper provides an alternate characterization of type-two polynomial-time computability, with the goal of making second-order complexity theory more approachable. We rely on the usual oracle machines to model programs with subroutine…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Bruce M. Kapron , Florian Steinberg

In this article, we discuss the question of whether P equals NP, we do not follow the line of research of many researchers, which is to try to find such a problem Q, and the problem Q belongs to the class of NP-complete, if the problem Q is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jian-Gang Tang

We investigate two types of query games played on a graph, pair queries and edge queries. We concentrate on investigating the two associated graph parameters for binomial random graphs, and showing that determining any of the two parameters…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-15 Dariusz Dereniowski , Przemysław Gordinowicz , Paweł Prałat

I offer a case that quantum query complexity still has loads of enticing and fundamental open problems -- from relativized QMA versus QCMA and BQP versus IP, to time/space tradeoffs for collision and element distinctness, to polynomial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-16 Scott Aaronson

Some representation-theoretic multiplicities, such as the Kostka and the Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, admit a combinatorial interpretation that places their computation in the complexity class #P. Whether this holds more generally is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Matthias Christandl , Aram W. Harrow , Greta Panova , Pietro M. Posta , Michael Walter