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We derive a message passing method for computing the spectra of locally tree-like networks and an approximation to it that allows us to compute closed-form expressions or fast numerical approximates for the spectral density of random graphs…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-04-19 M. E. J. Newman , Xiao Zhang , Raj Rao Nadakuditi

Autoregressive models excel in efficiency and plug directly into the transformer ecosystem, delivering robust generalization, predictable scalability, and seamless workflows such as fine-tuning and parallelized training. However, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Samuel Belkadi , Steve Hong , Marian Chen , Miruna Cretu , Charles Harris , Pietro Lio

Formation of a molecular network from multifunctional precursors is modelled with a random graph process. The random graph model favours reactivity for monomers that are positioned close in the network topology, and disfavours reactivity…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-08-21 Ivan Kryven , Jorien Duivenvoorden , Joen Hermans , Piet D. Iedema

Being the most cutting-edge generative methods, diffusion methods have shown great advances in wide generation tasks. Among them, graph generation attracts significant research attention for its broad application in real life. In our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Hongyang Chen , Can Xu , Lingyu Zheng , Qiang Zhang , Xuemin Lin

This study introduces an algorithm that generates undirected graphs with three main characteristics of real-world networks: scale-freeness, short distances between nodes (small-world phenomenon), and large clustering coefficients. The main…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-27 João Pedro C. Morais , Ruben Interian

Deep graph generative modeling has proven capable of learning the distribution of complex, multi-scale structures characterizing real-world graphs. However, one of the main limitations of existing methods is their large output space, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Nathaniel Diamant , Alex M. Tseng , Kangway V. Chuang , Tommaso Biancalani , Gabriele Scalia

We study a special case of the configuration model, in which almost all the vertices of the graph have degree $2$. We show that the graph has a very peculiar and interesting behaviour, in particular when the graph is made up by a vast…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-17 Lorenzo Federico

Designing algorithms that generate networks with a given degree sequence while varying both subgraph composition and distribution of subgraphs around nodes is an important but challenging research problem. Current algorithms lack control of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-12-07 Martin Ritchie , Luc Berthouze , Istvan Z Kiss

Recently, the classical configuration model for random graphs with given degree distribution has been extensively used as a null model in contraposition to real networks with the same degree distribution. In this paper, we briefly review…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-08-21 Xinping Xu

We study stochastic processes that generate non-growing complex networks without self-loops and multiple edges (simple graphs). The work concentrates on understanding and formulation of constraints which keep the rewiring stochastic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-07-10 Tomas Hruz , Michal Natora , Madhuresh Agrawal

A random intersection graph is constructed by assigning independently to each vertex a subset of a given set and drawing an edge between two vertices if and only if their respective subsets intersect. In this paper a model is developed in…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-24 Maria Deijfen , Willemien Kets

We investigate the joint distribution of the vertex degrees in three models of random bipartite graphs. Namely, we can choose each edge with a specified probability, choose a specified number of edges, or specify the vertex degrees in one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Brendan D. McKay , Fiona Skerman

Geometric scale-free random graphs are popular models for networks that exhibit as heavy-tailed degree distributions, small-worldness and high clustering. In these models, vertices have weights that cause the heavy-tailed degrees and are…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Riccardo Michielan , Clara Stegehuis , Matthias Walter

Desirable random graph models (RGMs) should (i) reproduce common patterns in real-world graphs (e.g., power-law degrees, small diameters, and high clustering), (ii) generate variable (i.e., not overly similar) graphs, and (iii) remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Fanchen Bu , Ruochen Yang , Paul Bogdan , Kijung Shin

In this paper we study the component structure of random graphs with independence between the edges. Under mild assumptions, we determine whether there is a giant component, and find its asymptotic size when it exists. We assume that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-06-29 Bela Bollobas , Svante Janson , Oliver Riordan

Generative models of graph structure have applications in biology and social sciences. The state of the art is GraphRNN, which decomposes the graph generation process into a series of sequential steps. While effective for modest sizes, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Tony Duan , Juho Lee

We introduce a very general model of an inhomogenous random graph with independence between the edges, which scales so that the number of edges is linear in the number of vertices. This scaling corresponds to the p=c/n scaling for G(n,p)…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Bela Bollobas , Svante Janson , Oliver Riordan

The purpose of this article is to introduce a new iterative algorithm with properties resembling real life bipartite graphs. The algorithm enables us to generate wide range of random bigraphs, which features are determined by a set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-11-03 Szymon Chojnacki , Mieczysław Kłopotek

Subgraphs reveal information about the geometry and functionalities of complex networks. For scale-free networks with unbounded degree fluctuations, we obtain the asymptotics of the number of times a small connected graph occurs as a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Remco van der Hofstad , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Clara Stegehuis

A growing random graph is constructed by successively sampling without replacement an element from the pool of virtual vertices and edges. At start of the process the pool contains $N$ virtual vertices and no edges. Each time a vertex is…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-29 Michael Farber , Alexander Gnedin , Wajid Mannan
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