Related papers: Illumination by Tangent Lines

For function of one variable, differentiability is equivalent to the existence of tangent line as the limit of secant line. The genuine counterpart of this equivalence for function of several variables is obtained for the first time.

Let $f$ be an $\mathbb{F}_q$-linear function over $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}$. If the $\mathbb{F}_q$-subspace $U= \{ (x^{q^t}, f(x)) : x\in \mathbb{F}_{q^n} \}$ defines a maximum scattered linear set, then we call $f$ a scattered polynomial of index…

We settle a problem of Havel by showing that there exists an absolute constant d such that if G is a planar graph in which every two distinct triangles are at distance at least d, then G is 3-colorable. In fact, we prove a more general…

Let $\Gamma$ be a graph endowed with a reversible Markov kernel $p$, and $P$ the associated operator, defined by $Pf(x)=\sum_y p(x,y)f(y)$. Denote by $\nabla$ the discrete gradient. We give necessary and/or sufficient conditions on $\Gamma$…

Let F be a finite field and R = M2(F) be 2x2 matrix ring over F. In this paper, we explicitly determine all the idempotents in R. Using these idempotents, we study the idempotent graph of R whose vertex set is the set of non-trivial…

The independence polynomial of a graph $G$ is \[I(G,x)=\sum\limits_{k\ge 0}i_k(G)x^k,\] where $i_k(G)$ denotes the number of independent sets of $G$ of size $k$ (note that $i_0(G)=1$). In this paper we show a new method to prove…

A graph $G$ with $p$ vertices and $q$ edges is said to be edge-graceful if its edges can be labeled from $1$ through $q$, in such a way that the labels induced on the vertices by adding over the labels of incident edges modulo $p$ are…

This paper contains four main results associated with an attractor of a projective iterated function system (IFS). The first theorem characterizes when a projective IFS has an attractor which avoids a hyperplane. The second theorem…

Fix an odd prime $p$. If $r$ is a positive integer and $f$ a polynomial with coefficients in $\mathbb{F}_{p^r}$, let $P_{p,r}(f)$ be the proportion of $\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{F}_{p^r})$ that is periodic with respect to $f$. We show that as…

Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a measured geodesic lamination on a complete hyperbolic surface of finite area. Assuming $\mathcal{L}$ is not a multicurve, our main result establishes the existence of a geodesic ray which has finite intersection…

A linear inference is a valid inequality of Boolean algebra in which each variable occurs at most once on each side. In this work we leverage recently developed graphical representations of linear formulae to build an implementation that is…

A theorem of Hoffman gives an upper bound on the independence ratio of regular graphs in terms of the minimum $\lambda_{\min}$ of the spectrum of the adjacency matrix. To complement this result we use random eigenvectors to gain lower…

Let A and B be arbitrary sets with at least two elements. The arity gap of a function f: A^n \to B is the minimum decrease in its essential arity when essential arguments of f are identified. In this paper we study the arity gap of…

Fix a non-negative integer g and a positive integer I dividing 2g-2. For any Henselian, discretely valued field K whose residue field is perfect and admits a degree I cyclic extension, we construct a curve C over K of genus g and index I.…

We show that the lamplighter group L has a system of generators for which the spectrum of the discrete Laplacian on the Cayley graph is a union of an interval and a countable set of isolated points accumulating to a point outside this…

We prove that a graph G is asymptotically isomorphic to the ray if and only if G is uniformly spherically bounded and is of bounded local degrees. This problem arouse in combinatorics and was posed in [3] (Problem 10.1).

When a flash of light from a star overtakes a straight linear filament of gas or dust and is seen later by an observer, a pattern of perceived illumination occurs that encodes information about the distance to the flash, the distance to…

Let $H$ be a division ring of finite dimension over its center, let $H[T]$ be the ring of polynomials in a central variable over $H$, and let $H(T)$ be its quotient skew field. We show that every intermediate division ring between $H$ and…

In this note we study the multifractal spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for interval maps with infinitely many branches and a parabolic fixed point. It turns out that, in strong contrast with the hyperbolic case, the domain of the spectrum is…

Given a real cubic function $f(x)$ with three roots, take an equilateral triangle $ABC$, the projections of which vertices are the roots of $f(x)$. There is a folklore fact that the vertical lines through the extrema of $f(x)$ are tangent…