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Heavy-ion collisions create deformed quark-gluon plasma (QGP) fireballs which explode anisotropically. The viscosity of the fireball matter determines its ability to convert the initial spatial deformation into momentum anisotropies that…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 Zhi Qiu , Ulrich W. Heinz

We discuss an event-by-event fluctuation analysis of particle production in heavy ion collisions. We compare different approaches to the evaluation of the event-by-event dynamical fluctuations in quantities defined on groups of particles,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 S. A. Voloshin , V. Koch , H. G. Ritter

Higher-order anisotropic flows in heavy-ion collisions are affected by nonlinear mode coupling effects. It has been suggested that the associated nonlinear hydrodynamic response coefficients probe the transport properties and are largely…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-06-22 Jing Qian , Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

Event-by-event fluctuations in the initial stages of ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions depend little on rapidity. The hydrodynamic expansion which occurs in later stages then gives rise to correlations among outgoing particles…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-08-30 Tribhuban Parida , Rupam Samanta , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Anisotropic flow is accredited to have effects from the initial state geometry and fluctuations in the nuclear overlap region. The elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) coefficients of the final state particles are expected to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-04-13 Suraj Prasad , Neelkamal Mallick , Sushanta Tripathy , Raghunath Sahoo

Collective flow observed in heavy ion collisions is largely attributed to initial geometrical fluctuations, and it is the hydrodynamic evolution of the system that transforms those initial spatial irregularities into final state momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 Wei-Liang Qian , Philipe Mota , Rone Andrade , Fernando Gardim , Frederique Grassi , Yogiro Hama , Takeshi Kodama

Many features of multiparticle production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions reflect the collision geometry and other collision characteristics determining the initial conditions. As the initial conditions affect to a different degree…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-03 Sergei A. Voloshin

The evolution of a relativistic heavy-ion collision is typically understood as a process that transmutes the initial geometry of the system into the final momentum distribution of observed hadrons, which can be described via a cumulant…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Jefferson Sousa , Jorge Noronha , Matthew Luzum

I review recent selected developments in the theory and modeling of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. I explain why relativistic viscous hydrodynamics is now used to model the expansion of the matter formed in these collisions. I give…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-09-30 Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We review the phenomenology and theory of bulk observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, focussing on recent developments involving event-by-event fluctuations in the initial stages of a heavy ion collision, and how they…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-06-03 Matthew Luzum , Hannah Petersen

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the Fourier decomposition of the relative azimuthal angle, \Delta \phi, distribution of particle pairs yields a large cos(3\Delta \phi) component, extending out to large rapidity separations \Delta…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-10-06 Burak Han Alver , Clement Gombeaud , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

These proceedings consist of a brief overview of the current understanding of collective behavior in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In particular, recent progress in understanding the implications of event-by-event fluctuations have…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-11-14 Matthew Luzum

Experimental data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) suggests that the quark gluon plasma behaves almost like an ideal fluid. Due to its short lifetime, many QGP properties can only be inferred indirectly through a comparison…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Hannah Petersen , Rolando La Placa , Steffen A. Bass

We report on the measurement of various flow harmonics, $v_n$, with multi-particle cumulants, and present the results from a study of the inter-correlation among different order symmetry planes $\Psi_n$ via multi-particle mixed harmonic…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-11 Ante Bilandzic

How can we gain a detailed insight into the hydrodynamic response of the system created in heavy ion collisions to the fluctuating initial geometry and viscous effects? Do we create a strongly interacting medium in proton-nucleus and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-05-18 Georgios Konstantinos Krintiras

We study fluctuations and correlations of the average transverse momentum of particles emitted in heavy-ion collisions. Fluctuations of the average transverse momentum are related to event-by-event fluctuations of the size and entropy of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-07-17 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski , Sandeep Chatterjee

The ability to accurately compute the series of coefficients $v_n$ characterizing the momentum space anisotropies of particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions as a function of centrality is widely regarded as a triumph…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-06-25 Thorsten Renk , Harri Niemi

Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are studied in event-by-event (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic simulations with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Both the coherent soft gluon…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Longgang Pang , Qun Wang , Xin-Nian Wang

Measurements of anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions provide evidence for the creation of strongly interacting matter which appears to behave as an almost ideal fluid. Anisotropic flow signals the presence of multiple interactions and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-05-28 Ante Bilandzic

Anisotropic flow and fluctuations are sensitive observables of the initial state effects in heavy ion collisions and are characterized by the medium properties and final state interactions. Using event-shape observables, one can constrain…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-07-29 Suraj Prasad , Aswathy Menon K R , Raghunath Sahoo , Neelkamal Mallick