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Neural synchrony in the brain at rest is usually variable and intermittent, thus intervals of predominantly synchronized activity are interrupted by intervals of desynchronized activity. Prior studies suggested that this temporal structure…
Synaptic delays play a crucial role in biological neuronal networks, where their modulation has been observed in mammalian learning processes. In the realm of neuromorphic computing, although spiking neural networks (SNNs) aim to emulate…
This article underlines the learning and discrimination capabilities of a model of associative memory based on artificial networks of spiking neurons. Inspired from neuropsychology and neurobiology, the model implements top-down…
Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is believed to play an important role in learning and the formation of computational function in the brain. The classical model of STDP which considers the timing between pairs of pre-synaptic and…
Synaptic connections in neuronal circuits are modulated by pre- and post-synaptic spiking activity. Heuristic models of this process of synaptic plasticity can provide excellent fits to results from in-vitro experiments in which pre- and…
We present an effective model for timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) in terms of two interacting traces, corresponding to the fraction of activated NMDA receptors and the Ca2+ concentration in the dendritic spine of the…
The neuron consumes energy from ATP hydrolysis to maintain a far-from-equilibrium steady state inside the cell, thus all physiological functions inside the cell are modulated by thermodynamics. The neurons that manage information encoding,…
The investigation of the neuronal environment allows us to better understand the activity of a cerebral region as a whole. The recent experimental evidences of the presence of transporters for glutamate and GABA in both neuronal and…
Secretion and role of autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid in adipose tissue In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy is often associated with recrutement of new fat cells (adipogenesis) under the control of circulating and local regulatory…
Neuromodulatory receptors in presynaptic position have the ability to suppress synaptic transmission for seconds to minutes when fully engaged. This effectively alters the synaptic strength of a connection. Much work on neuromodulation has…
Astrocytes, the most abundant type of glial cell, play a fundamental role in memory. Despite most hippocampal synapses being contacted by an astrocyte, there are no current theories that explain how neurons, synapses, and astrocytes might…
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a Hebbian like synaptic learning rule. The basis of STDP has strong experimental evidences and it depends on precise input and output spike timings. In this paper we show that under biologically…
The hippocampus supports spatial navigation by encoding cognitive maps through collective place cell activity. We model the place cell population as non-negative spatial embeddings derived from the spectral decomposition of multi-step…
Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in neuron-glia communication. This interest stems from the realization that glia participates in cognitive functions and information processing and is involved in many brain disorders and…
The neuronal paradigm of studying the brain has left us with limitations in both our understanding of how neurons process information to achieve biological intelligence and how such knowledge may be translated into artificial intelligence…
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP) is a biological process in which the precise order and timing of neuronal spikes affect the degree of synaptic modification. While there have been numerous research focusing on the role of STDP in…
The brain has the phenomenal ability to reorganize itself by forming new connections among neurons and by pruning others. The so-called neural or brain plasticity facilitates the modification of brain structure and function over different…
Synapse plays an important role of learning in a neural network; the learning rules which modify the synaptic strength based on the timing difference between the pre- and post-synaptic spike occurrence is termed as Spike Time Dependent…
Atherosclerotic plaques are fatty growths in artery walls that cause heart attacks and strokes. Plaque formation is orchestrated by macrophages that are recruited to the artery wall to consume and remove blood-derived lipids, such as…
In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity refers to the set of mechanisms driving the dynamics of neuronal connections, called synapses and represented by a scalar value, the synaptic weight. A Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) rule is a…