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The philosophy of mathematical practice (PMP) looks to evidence from working mathematics to help settle philosophical questions. One prominent program under the PMP banner is the study of explanation in mathematics, which aims to understand…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-07-08 William D'Alessandro

The Web is a rich source of structured data in the form of tables, from product catalogs and knowledge bases to scientific datasets. However, the heterogeneity of the structure and semantics of these tables makes it challenging to build a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Inwon Kang , Parikshit Ram , Yi Zhou , Horst Samulowitz , Oshani Seneviratne

We present Llemma, a large language model for mathematics. We continue pretraining Code Llama on the Proof-Pile-2, a mixture of scientific papers, web data containing mathematics, and mathematical code, yielding Llemma. On the MATH…

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping automated fact-checking (AFC) by enabling unified, end-to-end verification pipelines rather than isolated components. While large proprietary models achieve strong performance, their closed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Malin Astrid Larsson , Harald Fosen Grunnaleite , Vinay Setty

We introduce MRMR, the first expert-level multidisciplinary multimodal retrieval benchmark requiring intensive reasoning. MRMR contains 1,502 queries spanning 23 domains, with positive documents carefully verified by human experts. Compared…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Siyue Zhang , Yuan Gao , Xiao Zhou , Yilun Zhao , Tingyu Song , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have substantially expanded the capabilities of multimodal retrieval, enabling systems to align and retrieve information across visual and textual modalities. Yet, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuan Lu , Kangle Li , Haohang Huang , Rui Meng , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaoyu Shen

Tabular data is frequently captured in image form across a wide range of real-world scenarios such as financial reports, handwritten records, and document scans. These visual representations pose unique challenges for machine understanding,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhuoyan Xu , Haoyang Fang , Boran Han , Bonan Min , Bernie Wang , Cuixiong Hu , Shuai Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but still struggle with complex mathematical reasoning. Existing research primarily focuses on dataset construction and method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Runqi Qiao , Qiuna Tan , Peiqing Yang , Yanzi Wang , Xiaowan Wang , Enhui Wan , Sitong Zhou , Guanting Dong , Yuchen Zeng , Yida Xu , Jie Wang , Chong Sun , Chen Li , Honggang Zhang

As machine learning technology gets applied to actual products and solutions, new challenges have emerged. Models unexpectedly fail to generalize to small changes in the distribution, tend to be confident on novel data they have never seen,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Bálint Mucsányi , Michael Kirchhof , Elisa Nguyen , Alexander Rubinstein , Seong Joon Oh

This paper is an example-based demonstration of our initial results on the formal specification of programs written in the computer algebra language MiniMaple (a substantial subset of Maple with slight extensions). The main goal of this…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2012-07-11 Muhammad Taimoor Khan , Wolfgang Schreiner

Mathematical formulae carry complex and essential semantic information in a variety of formats. Accessing this information with different systems requires a standardized machine-readable format that is capable of encoding presentational and…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-09-20 André Greiner-Petter , Moritz Schubotz , Howard S. Cohl , Bela Gipp

To measure how well pretrained representations encode some linguistic property, it is common to use accuracy of a probe, i.e. a classifier trained to predict the property from the representations. Despite widespread adoption of probes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Elena Voita , Ivan Titov

Evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is increasingly critical, yet standard benchmarking methods rely on average accuracy, overlooking both the inherent stochasticity of LLM outputs and the heterogeneity of benchmark items. Item…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Xinhao Qu , Qiang Heng , Hao Zeng , Xiaoqian Liu

The combination of modern scientific computing with electronic structure theory can lead to an unprecedented amount of data amenable to intelligent data analysis for the identification of meaningful, novel, and predictive structure-property…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as tools for learning; however, most tools remain text-only, limiting their usefulness for domains where visualizations are essential, such as mathematics. Recent work shows that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Vishal Kumar , Shubhra Mishra , Rebecca Hao , Rizwaan Malik , David Broman , Dorottya Demszky

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated formidable capabilities in solving mathematical problems, yet they may still commit logical reasoning and computational errors during the problem-solving process. Thus, this paper proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kuo Zhou , Lu Zhang

Deep learning (DL) libraries, widely used in AI applications, often contain vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and use-after-free errors. Traditional fuzzing struggles with the complexity and API diversity of DL libraries such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Kunpeng Zhang , Shuai Wang , Jitao Han , Xiaogang Zhu , Xian Li , Shaohua Wang , Sheng Wen

Neural networks are increasingly used to support decision-making. To verify their reliability and adaptability, researchers and practitioners have proposed a variety of tools and methods for tasks such as NN code verification, refactoring,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nadia Daoudi , Jordi Cabot

The fusion of Large Language Models with vision models is pioneering new possibilities in user-interactive vision-language tasks. A notable application is reasoning segmentation, where models generate pixel-level segmentation masks by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Donggon Jang , Yucheol Cho , Suin Lee , Taehyeon Kim , Dae-Shik Kim

Extensive research on formal verification of machine learning (ML) systems indicates that learning from data alone often fails to capture underlying background knowledge. A variety of verifiers have been developed to ensure that a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Thomas Flinkow , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Rosemary Monahan