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We investigate the least number of palindromic factors in an infinite word. We first consider general alphabets, and give answers to this problem for periodic and non-periodic words, closed or not under reversal of factors. We then…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Gabriele Fici , Luca Q. Zamboni

Given an infinite linear group with a finite set of generators, we show that the shortest word length of an element of infinite order has an upper bound that depends only on the number of generators and the degree. This provides a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Junho Peter Whang

In this paper we explore a new hierarchy of classes of languages and infinite words and its connection with complexity classes. Namely, we say that a language belongs to the class $L_k$ if it is a subset of the catenation of $k$ languages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-17 J. Cassaigne , A. E. Frid , S. Puzynina , L. Q. Zamboni

Various kinds of infinitary operations satisfying forms of associativity have been considered in the literature by various authors, including A. Tarski, C. Karp, J. H. Conway, D. Krob, N. Bedon, and C. Rispal. Applications include the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Paolo Lipparini

We discuss the notion of strongly unbounded type for abelian length categories; this is closely related to the Second Brauer-Thrall Conjecture for artin algebras. A new ingredient is the space of characters in the sense of Crawley-Boevey.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-29 Henning Krause

We show that a special case of the Feferman-Vaught composition theorem gives rise to a natural notion of automata for finite words over an infinite alphabet, with good closure and decidability properties, as well as several logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Alexis Bès

We consider the Lambek calculus, or non-commutative multiplicative intuitionistic linear logic, extended with iteration, or Kleene star, axiomatised by means of an $\omega$-rule, and prove that the derivability problem in this calculus is…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Stepan Kuznetsov

We find an explicit closed form for the subword complexity of the infinite fixed point of the morphism sending $a \rightarrow aab$ and $b \rightarrow b$. This morphism is then generalized in three different ways, and we find similar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-10 J. -P. Allouche , J. Shallit

We construct moduli spaces of objects in an abelian category satisfying some finiteness hypotheses. Our approach is based on the work of Artin-Zhang and the intrinsic construction of moduli spaces for stacks developed by…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Andres Fernandez Herrero , Emmett Lennen , Svetlana Makarova

We formulate an algebraic problem to find a generating system of a finite subset of an Abelian group with respect to linear relations whose coefficients are bounded by a constant, and recall MITM algorithm for the problem. As an application…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Tomoki Mihara

A pattern is encountered in a word if some infix of the word is the image of the pattern under some non-erasing morphism. A pattern $p$ is unavoidable if, over every finite alphabet, every sufficiently long word encounters $p$. A theorem by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Arnaud Carayol , Stefan Göller

This work describes the number of restricted finite words in the alphabet A={a,b} required to identify an infinite word with some period n in the set of all infinite words in this alphabet given up to a shift. Also reviewed the case of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-01-15 Petr Lavrov

The height of a piecewise-testable language $L$ is the maximum length of the words needed to define $L$ by excluding and requiring given subwords. The height of $L$ is an important descriptive complexity measure that has not yet been…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Prateek Karandikar , Philippe Schnoebelen

The study of minimal complements in a group or a semigroup was initiated by Nathanson. The notion of minimal complements and being a minimal complement leads to the notion of co-minimal pairs which was considered in a prior work of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Arindam Biswas , Jyoti Prakash Saha

An abelian anti-power of order $k$ (or simply an abelian $k$-anti-power) is a concatenation of $k$ consecutive words of the same length having pairwise distinct Parikh vectors. This definition generalizes to the abelian setting the notion…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Gabriele Fici , Mickael Postic , Manuel Silva

Numerical characteristics of polynomial identities of left nilpotent algebras are examined. Previously, we came up with a construction which, given an infinite binary word, allowed us to build a two-step left nilpotent algebra with…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-06-07 Mikhail V. Zaicev , Dušan D. Repovš

We study the impact of certain identities and probabilistic identities on the structure of finite groups. More specifically, let $w$ be a nontrivial word in $d$ distinct variables and let $G$ be a finite group for which the word map…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-05 Alexander Bors , Aner Shalev

The present paper presents and proves a proposition concerning the time complexity of finite languages. It is shown herein, that for any finite language (a language for which the set of words composing it is finite) there is a Turing…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mircea Alexandru Popescu Moscu

An elementary proof is given for the existence of infinite dimensional abelian subalgebras in quantum W-algebras. In suitable realizations these subalgebras define the conserved charges of various quantum integrable systems. We consider all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 M. R. Niedermaier

We present a new structure theorem for finite fields of odd order that relates multiplicative and additive structure in an interesting way. This theorem has several applications, including an improved understanding of Dickson and Chebyshev…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Antonia W. Bluher