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Modern mechanical sensors increasingly measure motion with precision sufficient to resolve the fundamental thermal noise floor over a broad band. Compared to traditional sensors -- achieving this limit only near resonance -- this capability…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-23 Jiaxing Ma , Thomas J. Clark , Vincent Dumont , Jack C. Sankey

We present a compact heterodyne laser interferometer developed for high-sensitivity displacement sensing applications. This interferometer consists of customized prisms and waveplates assembled as a quasi-monolithic unit to realize a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-09-29 Yanqi Zhang , Felipe Guzman

Optical interferometry is by far the most sensitive displacement measurement technique available, with sensitivities at the 10^-20 m/rootHz level in the large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers currently in operation. Second…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-03 P. Verlot , A. Tavernarakis , T. Briant , P. -F. Cohadon , A. Heidmann

The network of interferometric gravitational-wave observatories has successfully detected tens of astrophysical signals since 2015. In this paper, we experimentally investigate compact sensors that have the potential to improve the…

Two back action (BA) processes generated by an optical cavity based detection device can deeply transform the dynamical behavior of an AFM microlever: the photothermal force or the radiation pressure. Whereas noise damping or amplifying…

Optics · Physics 2008-09-30 Guillaume Jourdan , Fabio Comin , Joël Chevrier

The coupling of Rydberg vapour medium to both microwave and optical fields allows harnessing the merits of all-optical detection, e.g. weak disruption of the measured field and invulnerability to extremely strong fields, owing to the lack…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Sebastian Borówka , Mateusz Mazelanik , Wojciech Wasilewski , Michał Parniak

In this paper, we report a capillary-based M-Z interferometer that could be used for precise detection of variations in refractive indices of gaseous samples. This sensing mechanism is quite straightforward. Cladding and core modes of a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Haijin Chen , Xuehao Hu , Meifan He , Pengfei Ren , Chao Zhang , Hang Qu

The uncertainty principle, applied naively to the test masses of a laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detector, produces a Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) on the interferometer's sensitivity. It has long been thought that beating this SQL…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Alessandra Buonanno , Yanbei Chen

We demonstrate an easy to manufacture, 25 mm long ultra-stable optical reference cavity for transportable photonic microwave generation systems. Employing a rigid holding geometry that is first-order insensitive to the squeezing force and a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-08-02 J. Davila-Rodriguez , F. N. Baynes , A. D. Ludlow , T. M. Fortier , H. Leopardi , S. A. Diddams , F. Quinlan

We demonstrate sub-femtometer displacement-sensing results achieved with a compact optical resonator-based laser interferometry technique called heterodyne cavity-tracking, intended for local displacement or inertial sensing with ultra-high…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-06 Shreevathsa Chalathadka Subrahmanya , Jonathan Joseph Carter , Oliver Gerberding

The effects of residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in laser interferometers using heterodyne sensing can be substantial and difficult to mitigate. In this work, we analyze the effects of RAM on a complex laser interferometer used for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 Keiko Kokeyama , Kiwamu Izumi , William Z. Korth , Nicolas Smith-Lefebvre , Koji Arai , Rana X. Adhikari

Optical cavities with both optimized resonant conditions and high quality factors are important metrological tools. In particular, they are used for laser gravitational wave (GW) detectors. It is necessary to suppress the parametric…

Increasing the laser power is essential to improve the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational wave detectors. However, optomechanical parametric instabilities can set a limit to that power. It is of major importance to understand and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-29 David Cohen , Annalisa Allocca , Gilles Bogaert , Paola Puppo , Thibaut Jacqmin , Virgo Collaboration

We propose a measurement of laser-induced vacuum birefringence through the use of pulsed lasers coupled to femtosecond optical enhancement cavities. This measurement technique features cavity-enhanced pump and probe pulses, as well as an…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-05 R. G. Bullis , U. D. Jentschura , D. C. Yost

We employ the field theoretic approach to study the quantum noise problem in the mirror-field system, where a perfectly reflecting mirror is illuminated by a single-mode coherent state of the massless scalar field. The associated radiation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Jen-Tsung Hsiang , Tai-Hung Wu , Da-Shin Lee , Sun-Kun King , Chun-Hsien Wu

Using the generalized Langevin equations involving the stress tensor approach, we study the dynamics of a perfectly reflecting mirror which is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation pressure by a laser beam in a fluid at finite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Chun-Hsien Wu , Da-Shin Lee

We discuss one possible method for suppression of the nonlinear effect of a parametric oscillatory instability in a Fabry-Perot cavity of the next generation of gravitational wave detectors by determination of optimal radii of curvature of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 S. E. Strigin

The performance of a coherent perfect absorber (time-reversed laser) is limited by quantum and thermal noise. At zero temperature, the quantum shot noise dominates the signal for frequencies close to the resonance frequency, and both vanish…

Optics · Physics 2013-02-04 Y. D. Chong , Hui Cao , A. Douglas Stone

We calculate the quantum noise limited displacement sensitivity of a Michelson-Fabry-Perot (MFP) with detuned cavities, followed by phase-sensitive homodyne detection. We show that the standard quantum limit can be surpassed even with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Belfi , F. Marin

Interferometric gravitational wave detectors are devoted to pick up the effect induced on masses by gravitational waves. The variations of the length dividing two mirrors is measured through a laser interferometric technique. The Brownian…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Giseppe Curci , Erika D'Ambrosio