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High moments of conserved quantities such as net-baryon, net-electric charge, and net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions are sensitive to fluctuations caused by the QCD critical point (CP). The event-by-event analysis of high moments of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-11-06 Xin Zhang , Yu Zhang , Xiaofeng Luo , Nu Xu

In this paper, we investigate the non-critical fluctuations of (net) charges and (net) protons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 39 and 200 GeV, using iEBE-VISHNU hybrid model with Poisson fluctuations added in the particle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-01-24 Jixing Li , Hao-jie Xu , Huichao Song

Moments (Variance ($\sigma^2$), Skewness($S$), Kurtosis($\kappa$)) of multiplicity distributions of conserved quantities, such as net-baryon,net-charge and net-strangeness, are predicted to be sensitive to the correlation length of the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-09-06 Xiaofeng Luo , Ji Xu , Bedangadas Mohanty , Nu Xu

High moments of multiplicity distributions of conserved quantities are predicted to be sensitive to critical fluctuations. To understand the effect of the complicated non-critical physics backgrounds on the proposed observable, we have…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-11-28 X. F. Luo , B. Mohanty , H. G. Ritter , N. Xu

The production of hadrons in heavy ions collisions at high $p_T$ provides an important information on mechanism of particle formation and constituent energy loss in medium. Such information is needed for search of a Critical Point and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-21 M. V. Tokarev

We present the measurements of the higher moments of the net-proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions from the first phase of the beam energy scan program at RHIC. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$)…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Xiaofeng Luo

Complete characterization of particle production and emission in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is in general not feasible experimentally. This work demonstrates, however, that the availability of essentially complete pseudorapidity…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-11 B. B. Back

In the search of QCD phase boundary and critical point, higher-order cumulants of conserved quantities are proposed as promising observables and have been studied extensively both experimentally and theoretically. In this paper we present…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-02-03 Yu Zhang

Higher moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions are applied to search for the QCD critical point. In this paper, we will present measurements for kurtosis ($\kappa$), skewness ($S$) and variance $\sigma^2$) of net-proton…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Xiaofeng Luo

Charged hadrons (0.15 < pt < 4 GeV/c) associated with a large pt trigger particle (4 < pt < 6 GeV/c) are statistically reconstructed in the large acceptance STAR TPC for p+p and Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. Preliminary results on…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 Fuqiang Wang

We report the recent results of proton and anti-proton yields as a function of centrality and p_T in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV, measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. In central collisions at intermediate transverse…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Tatsuya Chujo

The rapidity and transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons in central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV are computed in a quark combination model. The data of rapidity distributions for $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Jun Song , Feng-lan Shao , Qu-bing Xie , Yun-fei Wang , De-ming Wei

We propose methods to reconstruct particle distributions with and without considering initial volume fluctuations. This approach enables us to correct for detector efficiencies and initial volume fluctuations simultaneously. Our study…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-12-02 ShinIchi Esumi , Kana Nakagawa , Toshihiro Nonaka

Fluctuations of conserved quantities are sensitive observables to probe the signature of QCD phase transition and critical point in heavy-ion collisions. With the UrQMD model, we have studied the centrality and energy dependence of various…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-08-03 Ji Xu , Shili Yu , Feng Liu , Xiaofeng Luo

Fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as baryon, electric charge and strangeness number, are sensitive observables in heavy-ion collisions to search for the QCD phase transition and critical point. In this paper, we performed a…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2017-07-17 Chang Zhou , Ji Xu , Xiaofeng Luo , Feng Liu

The measurement of particle correlations and fluctuations has been suggested as a method to search for the existence of a phase transition in relativistic heavy ion collisions. If quark-gluon matter is formed in the collision of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Terence J. Tarnowsky

We present transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The evolution of the spectra for transverse momenta p_T from 0.25 to 5GeV/c is studied as a function of collision…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2010-01-11 Christof Roland

This work presents a three-dimensional dynamical initialization model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions, implementing local energy-momentum conservation and baryon charge fluctuations at string junctions. Constraining parameters using…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-06-22 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

We present the first large-acceptance measurement of event-wise mean transverse momentum mean p_t fluctuations for Au-Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-momentum collision energy sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130 GeV. The observed non-statistical…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 STAR Collaboration , J. Adams

We report the first measurements of a complete second-order cumulant matrix of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions for the first phase of the beam energy scan program at RHIC. This includes the centrality and,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-02-09 STAR Collaboration , J. Adam , L. Adamczyk , J. R. Adams , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , I. Alekseev , D. M. Anderson , R. Aoyama , A. Aparin , D. Arkhipkin , E. C. Aschenauer , M. U. Ashraf , F. Atetalla , A. Attri , G. S. Averichev , V. Bairathi , K. Barish , A. J. Bassill , A. Behera , R. Bellwied , A. Bhasin , A. K. Bhati , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , L. C. Bland , I. G. Bordyuzhin , J. D. Brandenburg , A. V. Brandin , J. Bryslawskyj , I. Bunzarov , J. Butterworth , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , D. Cebra , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , B. K. Chan , F-H. Chang , Z. Chang , N. Chankova-Bunzarova , A. Chatterjee , S. Chattopadhyay , J. H. Chen , X. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , W. Christie , H. J. Crawford , M. Csanád , S. Das , T. G. Dedovich , I. M. Deppner , A. A. Derevschikov , L. Didenko , C. Dilks , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. C. Dunlop , T. Edmonds , N. Elsey , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , R. Esha , S. Esumi , O. Evdokimov , J. Ewigleben , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , P. Federic , J. Fedorisin , Y. Feng , P. Filip , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , L. Fulek , C. A. Gagliardi , T. Galatyuk , F. Geurts , A. Gibson , D. Grosnick , A. Gupta , W. Guryn , A. I. Hamad , A. Hamed , J. W. Harris , L. He , S. Heppelmann , S. Heppelmann , N. Herrmann , L. Holub , Y. Hong , S. Horvat , B. Huang , H. Z. Huang , S. L. Huang , T. Huang , X. Huang , T. J. Humanic , P. Huo , G. Igo , W. W. Jacobs , A. Jentsch , J. Jia , K. Jiang , S. Jowzaee , X. Ju , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , S. Kagamaster , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , D. Kapukchyan , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , M. Kelsey , Y. V. Khyzhniak , D. P. Kikoła , C. Kim , T. A. Kinghorn , I. Kisel , A. Kisiel , M. Kocan , L. Kochenda , L. K. Kosarzewski , L. Kramarik , P. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage , L. Kumar , R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli , J. H. Kwasizur , R. Lacey , J. M. Landgraf , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , C. Li , W. Li , W. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , Y. Liang , R. Licenik , T. Lin , A. Lipiec , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , H. Liu , P. Liu , P. Liu , T. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Z. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , M. Lomnitz , R. S. Longacre , S. Luo , X. Luo , G. L. Ma , L. Ma , R. Ma , Y. G. Ma , N. Magdy , R. Majka , D. Mallick , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , O. Matonoha , J. A. Mazer , K. Meehan , J. C. Mei , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , D. Mishra , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , I. Mooney , Z. Moravcova , D. A. Morozov , Md. Nasim , K. Nayak , J. M. Nelson , D. B. Nemes , M. Nie , G. Nigmatkulov , T. Niida , L. V. Nogach , T. Nonaka , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , K. Oh , S. Oh , V. A. Okorokov , B. S. Page , R. Pak , Y. Panebratsev , B. Pawlik , D. Pawlowska , H. Pei , C. Perkins , R. L. Pintér , J. Pluta , J. Porter , M. Posik , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , J. Putschke , A. Quintero , S. K. Radhakrishnan , S. Ramachandran , R. L. Ray , R. Reed , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , L. Ruan , J. Rusnak , O. Rusnakova , N. R. Sahoo , P. K. Sahu , S. Salur , J. Sandweiss , J. Schambach , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , B. R. Schweid , F. Seck , J. Seger , M. Sergeeva , R. Seto , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , F. Shen , W. Q. Shen , S. S. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , S. Siejka , R. Sikora , M. Simko , J Singh , S. Singha , D. Smirnov , N. Smirnov , W. Solyst , P. Sorensen , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , M. Stefaniak , D. J. Stewart , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , A. A. P. Suaide , T. Sugiura , M. Sumbera , B. Summa , X. M. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. Sun , B. Surrow , D. N. Svirida , P. Szymanski , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , A. Taranenko , T. Tarnowsky , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , T. Todoroki , M. Tokarev , C. A. Tomkiel , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , O. D. Tsai , B. Tu , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , J. Vanek , A. N. Vasiliev , I. Vassiliev , F. Videbæk , S. Vokal , S. A. Voloshin , F. Wang , G. Wang , P. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , J. C. Webb , L. Wen , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , Y. Wu , Z. G. Xiao , G. Xie , W. Xie , H. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. F. Xu , Z. Xu , C. Yang , Q. Yang , S. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Ye , Z. Ye , L. Yi , K. Yip , I. -K. Yoo , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , D. Zhang , L. Zhang , S. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. Zhang , J. Zhao , C. Zhong , C. Zhou , X. Zhu , Z. Zhu , M. Zurek , M. Zyzak