Related papers: Sums of Ceiling Functions Solve Nested Recursions

We investigate finite and infinite nested square root formulas convergent to unity.

Let $\sum_{d|n}$ denote sum over divisors of a positive integer $n$, and $t_{r}(n)$ denote the number of representations of $n$ as a sum of $r$ triangular numbers. Then we prove that $$…

In the present paper, we determine the sums $\sum_{j=1}^{p-1}\frac{H_j^{(s_1)}H_j^{(s_3)}}{j^{s_2}}$ and $\sum_{j=1}^{p-1}\frac{H_j^{(s_1)}H_j^{(s_3)}H_j^{(s_4)}}{j^{s_2}}$ modulo $p$ and modulo $p^2$ in certain cases. This is done by using…

Mills showed that there exists a constant $A$ such that $\lfloor{A^{3^n}}\rfloor$ is prime for every positive integer $n$. Kuipers and Ansari generalized this result to $\lfloor{A^{c^n}}\rfloor$ where $c\in\mathbb{R}$ and $c\geq 2.106$. The…

We introduce two convergent series expansions (direct and recursive) in terms of Bessel functions and representations of sums $r_N(m)$ of squares for $N$-dimensional Madelung constants, $M_N(s)$, where $s$ is the exponent of the Madelung…

Given $r \in \mathbb{N}$, define the function $S_{r}: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{Q}$ by $S_{r}(n)=\displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{k}{k+r} \binom{n}{k}$. In $2015$, the second author conjectured that there are infinitely many $r \in…

For a fixed integer N, and fixed numbers b_1,...,b_N, we consider sequences, the nth term (a_n) of which is the sum of the squares of the terms in the expansion of (b_1 + ... + b_N)^n. In the case all b_i=1, we give a formula for a…

The numbers e_p(k,n) defined as min(nu_p(S(k,j)j!): j >= n) appear frequently in algebraic topology. Here S(k,j) is the Stirling number of the second kind, and nu_p(-) the exponent of p. The author and Sun proved that if L is sufficiently…

Binary Balanced Tree RvNNs (BBT-RvNNs) enforce sequence composition according to a preset balanced binary tree structure. Thus, their non-linear recursion depth is just $\log_2 n$ ($n$ being the sequence length). Such logarithmic scaling…

Constant-recursive sequences are those which satisfy a linear recurrence, so that later terms can be obtained as a linear combination of the previous ones. The rank of a constant-recursive sequence is the minimal number of previous terms…

Given a finite nonempty sequence S of integers, write it as XY^k, where Y^k is a power of greatest exponent that is a suffix of S: this k is the curling number of S. The Curling Number Conjecture is that if one starts with any initial…

This paper is concerned with the function $r_{k,s}(n)$, the number of (ordered) representations of $n$ as the sum of $s$ positive $k$-th powers, where integers $k,s\ge 2$. We examine the mean average of the function, or equivalently,…

Let $a_{i,j}(n)$ denote the number of walks in $n$ steps from $(0,0)$ to $(i,j)$, with steps $(\pm 1,0)$ and $(0,\pm 1)$, never touching a point $(-k,0)$ with $k\ge 0$ after the starting point. \bous and Schaeffer conjectured a closed form…

The space of constructible functions form a dense subspace of the space of generalized valuations. In this note we prove a somewhat stronger property that the sequential closure, taken sufficiently many (in fact, infinitely many) times, of…

Assuming the abc conjecture with $\epsilon=1/6$, we use elementary methods to show that only finitely many $s$-Cullen numbers are repunits, aside from two known infinite families. More precisely, only finitely many positive integers $s$,…

In 1936 Zygmunt Zalcwasser asked with respect to the trigonometric system that how "rare" can a sequence of strictly monotone increasing integers $(n_j)$ be such that the almost everywhere relation $\frac{1}{N}\sum_{j=1}^N S_{n_j}f \to f$…

Let $\mathbb{N}$ be the set of all nonnegative integers. For $S\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ and $n\in \mathbb{N}$, let $R_S(n)$ denote the number of solutions of the equation $n=s_1+s_2$, $s_1,s_2\in S$ and $s_1<s_2$. Let $A$ be the set of all…

It is known that for an arbitrary positive integer \(n\) the sequence \(S(x^n)=(1^n, 2^n, \ldots)\) is complete, meaning that every sufficiently large integer is a sum of distinct \(n\)th powers of positive integers. We prove that every…

A completion problem to recover a rational matrix function which is j-unitary on the line is treated. A Dirac type system with singularities on the semiaxis is recovered explicitly by its left reflection coefficient. The close connection…

Let R be the ring of S-integers of an algebraic function field (in one variable) over a perfect field, where S is finite and not empty. It is shown that for every positive integer N there exist elements of R that can not be written as a sum…