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Undoubtedly, the Internet has become one of the most important conduits to information for the general public. Nonetheless, Internet access can be and has been limited systematically or blocked completely during political events in numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yong Zhang , Nishanth Sastry

Search engines play a central role in routing political information to citizens. The algorithmic personalization of search results by large search engines like Google implies that different users may be offered systematically different…

General Economics · Economics 2022-09-29 Ulrich Matter , Roland Hodler , Johannes Ladwig

Web search is an integral part of our daily lives. Recently, there has been a trend of personalization in Web search, where different users receive different results for the same search query. The increasing level of personalization is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Anikó Hannák , Piotr Sapieżyński , Arash Molavi Khaki , David Lazer , Alan Mislove , Christo Wilson

Search engines like Google, Yahoo or Bing are an excellent support for finding documents, but this strength also imposes a limitation. As they are optimized for document retrieval tasks, they perform less well when it comes to more complex…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-06-27 Kristiina Singer , Georg Singer , Krista Lepik , Ulrich Norbisrath , Pille Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt

Weibo and other popular Chinese microblogging sites are well known for exercising internal censorship, to comply with Chinese government requirements. This research seeks to quantify the mechanisms of this censorship: how fast and how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-11 Tao Zhu , David Phipps , Adam Pridgen , Jedidiah R. Crandall , Dan S. Wallach

Search engines like Google have become major information gatekeepers that use artificial intelligence (AI) to determine who and what voters find when searching for political information. This article proposes and tests a framework of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Tobias Rohrbach , Mykola Makhortykh , Maryna Sydorova

Search engines play a crucial role as digital gatekeepers, shaping the visibility of Web and social media content through algorithmic curation. This study investigates how search engines like Google selectively promotes or suppresses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Amrit Poudel , Yifan Ding , Jurgen Pfeffer , Tim Weninger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as gateways to information, yet their content moderation practices remain underexplored. This work investigates the extent to which LLMs refuse to answer or omit information when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sander Noels , Guillaume Bied , Maarten Buyl , Alexander Rogiers , Yousra Fettach , Jefrey Lijffijt , Tijl De Bie

The internet has been blurring the lines between local and global cultures, affecting in different ways the perception of people about themselves and others. In the global context of the internet, search engine platforms are a key mediator…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Gabriel Magno , Camila Souza Araújo , Wagner Meira , Virgilio Almeida

This report aims to report my thesis progress so far. My work attempts to show the differences in the perspectives of two search engines, Bing and Google on several selected controversial topics. In this work, we try to make a distinction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Gizem Gezici

Search engine results depend not only on the algorithms but also on how users interact with them. However, factors affecting the selection of a search query remain understudied. Using a representative survey of Swiss citizens before a round…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Victoria Vziatysheva , Mykola Makhortykh , Maryna Sydorova , Vihang Jumle

In today's high-choice media environment, search engines play an integral role in informing individuals and societies about the latest events. The importance of search algorithms is even higher at the time of crisis, when users search for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Mykola Makhortykh , Aleksandra Urman , Roberto Ulloa

This paper studies how the linguistic components of blogposts collected from Sina Weibo, a Chinese microblogging platform, might affect the blogposts' likelihood of being censored. Our results go along with King et al. (2013)'s Collective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Kei Yin Ng , Anna Feldman , Jing Peng

Internet censorship is typically enforced by authorities to achieve information control for a certain group of Internet users. So far existing censorship studies have primarily focused on country-level characterization because (1) in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xiaoqin Liang , Guannan Liu , Lin Jin , Shuai Hao , Haining Wang

The possibility of fingerprinting the search keywords issued by a user on popular web search engines is a significant threat to user privacy. This threat has received surprisingly little attention in the network traffic analysis literature.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Junhua Yan , Hasan Faik Alan , Jasleen Kaur

Warning: This paper contains content that may be offensive or upsetting. Online search engine auto-completions make it faster for users to search and access information. However, they also have the potential to reinforce and promote…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Geng Liu , Pietro Pinoli , Stefano Ceri , Francesco Pierri

How different are search engines? The search engine wars are a favorite topic of on-line analysts, as two of the biggest companies in the world, Google and Microsoft, battle for prevalence of the web search space. Differences in search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Konstantina Dritsa , Thodoris Sotiropoulos , Haris Skarpetis , Panos Louridas

Search engines have become key media for our scientific, economic, and social activities by enabling people to access information on the Web in spite of its size and complexity. On the down side, search engines bias the traffic of users…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2009-02-19 Santo Fortunato , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer , Alessandro Vespignani

Over the years, the Internet has democratized the flow of information. Unfortunately, in parallel, authoritarian regimes and other entities (such as ISPs) for their vested interests have curtailed this flow by partially or fully censoring…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-05 Zubair Nabi

This paper is dedicated to using a classifier to predict whether a Weibo post would be censored under the Chinese internet. Through randomized sampling from \citeauthor{Fu2021} and Chinese tokenizing strategies, we constructed a cleaned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Matt Prodani , Tianchu Ze , Yushen Hu