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Since the work of Kaligosi and Sanders (2006), it is well-known that Quicksort -- which is commonly considered as one of the fastest in-place sorting algorithms -- suffers in an essential way from branch mispredictions. We present a novel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Stefan Edelkamp , Armin Weiß

There is excitement within the algorithms community about a new partitioning method introduced by Yaroslavskiy. This algorithm renders Quicksort slightly faster than the case when it runs under classic partitioning methods. We show that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Sebastian Wild , Markus E. Nebel , Hosam Mahmoud

K-means (MacQueen, 1967) [1] is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well-known clustering problem. The procedure follows a simple and easy way to classify a given data set to a predefined, say K number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Srikanta Kolay , Kumar Sankar Ray , Abhoy Chand Mondal

We present the first in-place algorithm for sorting an array of size n that performs, in the worst case, at most O(n log n) element comparisons and O(n) element transports. This solves a long-standing open problem, stated explicitly, e.g.,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gianni Franceschini , Viliam Geffert

Given a sequence of $n$ numbers and $k$ parallel First-in-First-Out (FIFO) queues, how close can one bring the sequence to sorted order? It is known that $k$ queues suffice to sort the sequence if the Longest Decreasing Subsequence (LDS) of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Andreas Karrenbauer , Kurt Mehlhorn , Pranabendu Misra , Paolo Luigi Rinaldi , Anna Twelsiek , Alireza Haqi , Siavash Rahimi Shateranloo

Dual-pivot quicksort refers to variants of classical quicksort where in the partitioning step two pivots are used to split the input into three segments. This can be done in different ways, giving rise to different algorithms. Recently, a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Martin Aumüller , Martin Dietzfelbinger

Recently, many results on the computational complexity of sorting algorithms were obtained using Kolmogorov complexity (the incompressibility method). Especially, the usually hard average-case analysis is ammenable to this method. Here we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-05-28 Paul M. B. Vitanyi

The analyses of many algorithms and data structures (such as digital search trees) for searching and sorting are based on the representation of the keys involved as bit strings and so count the number of bit comparisons. On the other hand,…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-14 James Allen Fill , Svante Janson

Selection on $X_1+X_2+\cdots + X_m$ is an important problem with many applications in areas such as max-convolution, max-product Bayesian inference, calculating most probable isotopes, and computing non-parametric test statistics, among…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Patrick Kreitzberg , Kyle Lucke , Oliver Serang

This paper addresses the anytime sorting problem, aiming to develop algorithms providing tentative estimates of the sorted list at each execution step. Comparisons are treated as steps, and the Spearman's footrule metric evaluates…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Emma Caizergues , François Durand , Fabien Mathieu

Sorting a set of items is a task that can be useful by itself or as a building block for more complex operations. The more sophisticated and fast sorting algorithms become asymptotically, the less efficient they are for small sets of items…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Jasper Marianczuk

The linear pivot selection algorithm, known as median-of-medians, makes the worst case complexity of quicksort be $\mathrm{O}(n\ln n)$. Nevertheless, it has often been said that this algorithm is too expensive to use in quicksort. In this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Noriyuki Kurosawa

In this paper, we propose a useful replacement for quicksort-style utility functions. The replacement is called Symmetry Partition Sort, which has essentially the same principle as Proportion Extend Sort. The maximal difference between them…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-06-04 Jing-Chao Chen

Mergesort is one of the few efficient sorting algorithms and, despite being the oldest one, often still the method of choice today. In contrast to some alternative algorithms, it always runs efficiently using O(n log n) element comparisons…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Christian Siebert

Bitmap indexes must be compressed to reduce input/output costs and minimize CPU usage. To accelerate logical operations (AND, OR, XOR) over bitmaps, we use techniques based on run-length encoding (RLE), such as Word-Aligned Hybrid (WAH)…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Daniel Lemire , Owen Kaser , Kamel Aouiche

Sorting is an essential operation which is widely used and is fundamental to some very basic day to day utilities like searches, databases, social networks and much more. Optimizing this basic operation in terms of complexity as well as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Peeyush Kumar , Ayushe Gangal , Sunita Kumari , Sunita Tiwari

There has been considerable work on improving popular clustering algorithm `K-means' in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and speed, both. However, most of the k-means variants tend to compute distance of each data point to each cluster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Siddhesh Khandelwal , Amit Awekar

The "Subset Sum problem" is a very well-known NP-complete problem. In this work, a top-k variation of the "Subset Sum problem" is considered. This problem has wide application in recommendation systems, where instead of k best objects the k…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Biswajit Sanyal , Subhashis Majumder , Priya Ranjan Sinha Mahapatra

We consider a multi-pivot QuickSort algorithm using $K\in\mathbb{N}$ pivot elements to partition a nonsorted list into $K+1$ sublists in order to proceed recursively on these sublists. For the partitioning stage, various strategies are in…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Cecilia Holmgren , Jasper Ischebeck , Daniel Krenn , Florian Lesny , Ralph Neininger

Given an array A of n real numbers, the maximum subarray problem is to find a contiguous subarray which has the largest sum. The k-maximum subarrays problem is to find k such subarrays with the largest sums. For the 1-maximum subarray the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Hemant Malik , Ovidiu Daescu