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We propose a new definition of higher-order DisCoCat (categorical compositional distributional) models where the meaning of a word is not a diagram, but a diagram-valued higher-order function. Our models can be seen as a variant of Montague…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Alexis Toumi , Giovanni de Felice

We present a model for compositional distributional semantics related to the framework of Coecke et al. (2010), and emulating formal semantics by representing functions as tensors and arguments as vectors. We introduce a new learning method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-01-31 Edward Grefenstette , Georgiana Dinu , Yao-Zhong Zhang , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh , Marco Baroni

This paper proves a homomorphism between extensional formal semantics and distributional vector space semantics, demonstrating structural compatibility. Formal semantics models meaning as reference, using logical structures to map…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Daniel Quigley

Distributional semantic models provide vector representations for words by gathering co-occurrence frequencies from corpora of text. Compositional distributional models extend these from words to phrases and sentences. In categorical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Esma Balkir , Dimitri Kartsaklis , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

Categorical compositional distributional semantics is an approach to modelling language that combines the success of vector-based models of meaning with the compositional power of formal semantics. However, this approach was developed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Martha Lewis

The DisCoCirc framework for natural language processing allows the construction of compositional models of text, by combining units for individual words together according to the grammatical structure of the text. The compositional nature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tiffany Duneau

Semantic composition remains an open problem for vector space models of semantics. In this paper, we explain how the probabilistic graphical model used in the framework of Functional Distributional Semantics can be interpreted as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Guy Emerson , Ann Copestake

Recent work on vector-based compositional natural language semantics has proposed the use of density matrices to model lexical ambiguity and (graded) entailment (e.g. Piedeleu et al 2015, Bankova et al 2019, Sadrzadeh et al 2018). Ambiguous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Adriana D. Correia , Michael Moortgat , Henk T. C. Stoof

Categorical compositional distributional semantics provide a method to derive the meaning of a sentence from the meaning of its individual words: the grammatical reduction of a sentence automatically induces a linear map for composing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Bob Coecke , Giovanni de Felice , Dan Marsden , Alexis Toumi

The development of compositional distributional models of semantics reconciling the empirical aspects of distributional semantics with the compositional aspects of formal semantics is a popular topic in the contemporary literature. This…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-04-30 Edward Grefenstette

We develop a vector space semantics for verb phrase ellipsis with anaphora using type-driven compositional distributional semantics based on the Lambek calculus with limited contraction (LCC) of J\"ager (2006). Distributional semantics has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Gijs Wijnholds , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

The words-as-classifiers model of grounded lexical semantics learns a semantic fitness score between physical entities and the words that are used to denote those entities. In this paper, we explore how such a model can incrementally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Daniele Moro , Stacy Black , Casey Kennington

Categorical compositional distributional semantics (CCDS) allows one to compute the meaning of phrases and sentences from the meaning of their constituent words. A type-structure carried over from the traditional categorial model of grammar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Bob Coecke , Martha Lewis , Dan Marsden

Originally inspired by categorical quantum mechanics (Abramsky and Coecke, LiCS'04), the categorical compositional distributional model of natural language meaning of Coecke, Sadrzadeh and Clark provides a conceptually motivated procedure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-02-05 Robin Piedeleu , Dimitri Kartsaklis , Bob Coecke , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

This thesis develops the translation between category theory and computational linguistics as a foundation for natural language processing. The three chapters deal with syntax, semantics and pragmatics. First, string diagrams provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Giovanni de Felice

Deep compositional models of meaning acting on distributional representations of words in order to produce vectors of larger text constituents are evolving to a popular area of NLP research. We detail a compositional distributional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-14 Jianpeng Cheng , Dimitri Kartsaklis

We propose a mathematical framework for a unification of the distributional theory of meaning in terms of vector space models, and a compositional theory for grammatical types, for which we rely on the algebra of Pregroups, introduced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2010-03-24 Bob Coecke , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh , Stephen Clark

We use Lambek's pregroups and the framework of compositional distributional models of language ("DisCoCat") to study translations from Japanese to English as pairs of functors. Adding decorations to pregroups we show how to handle word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Valentin Boboc

Most compositional distributional semantic models represent sentence meaning with a single vector. In this paper, we propose a Structured Distributional Model (SDM) that combines word embeddings with formal semantics and is based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Emmanuele Chersoni , Enrico Santus , Ludovica Pannitto , Alessandro Lenci , Philippe Blache , Chu-Ren Huang

The mechanisms of comprehension during language processing remains an open question. Classically, building the meaning of a linguistic utterance is said to be incremental, step-by-step, based on a compositional process. However, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Philippe Blache , Emmanuele Chersoni , Giulia Rambelli , Alessandro Lenci