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Classification is a fundamental problem in machine learning and data mining. During the past decades, numerous classification methods have been presented based on different principles. However, most existing classifiers cast the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Zengyou He , Chaohua Sheng , Yan Liu , Quan Zou

Robust validation of Machine Learning (ML) models is essential, but traditional data partitioning approaches often ignore the intrinsic quality of each instance. This study proposes the use of Item Response Theory (IRT) parameters to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lucas Cardoso , Vitor Santos , José Ribeiro Filho , Ricardo Prudêncio , Regiane Kawasaki , Ronnie Alves

We study the problem of determining what data is required to solve a decision-making task when only partial information about the state of the world is available. Focusing on linear programs, we introduce a decision-focused notion of data…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Omar Bennouna , Amine Bennouna , Saurabh Amin , Asuman Ozdaglar

Conformal Prediction (CP) is a distribution-free uncertainty estimation framework that constructs prediction sets guaranteed to contain the true answer with a user-specified probability. Intuitively, the size of the prediction set encodes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Alvaro H. C. Correia , Fabio Valerio Massoli , Christos Louizos , Arash Behboodi

Existing observational approaches for learning human preferences, such as inverse reinforcement learning, usually make strong assumptions about the observability of the human's environment. However, in reality, people make many important…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-29 Cassidy Laidlaw , Stuart Russell

Trust is a crucial factor affecting the adoption of machine learning (ML) models. Qualitative studies have revealed that end-users, particularly in the medical domain, need models that can express their uncertainty in decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Andrew Houston , Georgina Cosma

Causal inference with observational studies often relies on the assumptions of unconfoundedness and overlap of covariate distributions in different treatment groups. The overlap assumption is violated when some units have propensity scores…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-19 Shu Yang , Peng Ding

In this work we consider the task of relaxing the i.i.d assumption in pattern recognition (or classification), aiming to make existing learning algorithms applicable to a wider range of tasks. Pattern recognition is guessing a discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-28 Daniil Ryabko

The Information Bottleneck (IB) objective uses information theory to formulate a task-performance versus robustness trade-off. It has been successfully applied in the standard discriminative classification setting. We pose the question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Lynton Ardizzone , Radek Mackowiak , Carsten Rother , Ullrich Köthe

Individual choices often depend on the order in which the decisions are made. In this paper, we expose a general theory of measurable systems (an example of which is an individual's preferences) allowing for incompatible (non-commuting)…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-06-20 V. I. Danilov , A. Lambert-Mogiliansky

Despite the increasing use of citation-based metrics for research evaluation purposes, we do not know yet which metrics best deliver on their promise to gauge the significance of a scientific paper or a patent. We assess 17 network-based…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Shuqi Xu , Manuel Sebastian Mariani , Linyuan Lü , Matúš Medo

Binary classification is a task that involves the classification of data into one of two distinct classes. It is widely utilized in various fields. However, conventional classifiers tend to make overconfident predictions for data that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Shoma Yokura , Akihisa Ichiki

Information theory provides principled ways to analyze different inference and learning problems such as hypothesis testing, clustering, dimensionality reduction, classification, among others. However, the use of information theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-09-03 Luis G. Sanchez Giraldo , Murali Rao , Jose C. Principe

In this paper, we conduct a study on the state-of-the-art methods for text-to-image synthesis and propose a framework to evaluate these methods. We consider syntheses where an image contains a single or multiple objects. Our study outlines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Tan M. Dinh , Rang Nguyen , Binh-Son Hua

We develop a data-driven information-theoretic framework for sharp partial identification of causal effects under unmeasured confounding. Existing approaches often rely on restrictive assumptions, such as bounded or discrete outcomes;…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-24 Yonghan Jung , Bogyeong Kang

This paper adapts topic models to the psychometric testing of MOOC students based on their online forum postings. Measurement theory from education and psychology provides statistical models for quantifying a person's attainment of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Jiazhen He , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , James Bailey , Rui Zhang , Sandra Milligan , Jeffrey Chan

Advances in large language models have notably enhanced the efficiency of information extraction from unstructured and semi-structured data sources. As these technologies become integral to various applications, establishing an objective…

This paper presents a Bayesian framework for assessing the adequacy of a model without the necessity of explicitly enumerating a specific alternate model. A test statistic is developed for tracking the performance of the model across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Kathryn Blackmond Laskey

The evaluation of Information Retrieval (IR) systems typically uses query-document pairs with corresponding human-labelled relevance assessments (qrels). These qrels are used to determine if one system is better than another based on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jack McKechnie , Graham McDonald , Craig Macdonald

We consider a generalization of an important class of high-dimensional inference problems, namely spiked symmetric matrix models, often used as probabilistic models for principal component analysis. Such paradigmatic models have recently…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jean Barbier , Galen Reeves