Related papers: Trapped surfaces
We consider the region $\mathscr{T}$ in spacetime containing future-trapped closed surfaces and its boundary $\B$, and derive some of their general properties. We then concentrate on the case of spherical symmetry, but the methods we use…
This article introduces the subject of quasi-local horizons at a level suitable for physics graduate students who have taken a first course on general relativity. It reviews properties of trapped surfaces and trapped regions in some simple…
I will discuss some recent results on marginally outer trapped surfaces, apparent horizons, and the trapped region. A couple of applications of the results developed for marginally outer trapped surfaces to coalescence of black holes and to…
The concept of closed trapped surface is of paramount importance in General Relativity and other gravitational theories. However, it is a purely geometrical object. With the aim of bringing this concept to closer attention by the…
We investigate the formation of trapped surfaces in cosmological spacetimes, using constant mean curvature slicing. Quantitative criteria for the formation of trapped surfaces demonstrate that cosmological regions enclosed by trapped…
The boundary of the region in spacetime containing future-trapped closed surfaces is considered. In asymptotically flat spacetimes, this boundary does not need to be the event horizon nor a dynamical/trapping horizon. Some properties of…
The concept of a marginally trapped surface is important in the theory of general relativity. In the Schwarzschild black hole spacetime, its event horizon is foliated by marginally trapped surfaces. In a more general black hole spacetime,…
The traditional description of black holes in terms of event horizons is inadequate for many physical applications, especially when studying black holes in non-stationary spacetimes. In these cases, it is often more useful to use the…
In this paper, we perform a detailed investigation on the various geometrical properties of trapped surfaces and the boundaries of trapped region in general relativity. This treatment extends earlier work on LRS II spacetimes to a general 4…
A very simple criterion to ascertain if (D-2)-surfaces are trapped in arbitrary D-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds is given. The result is purely geometric, independent of the particular gravitational theory, of any field equations or of…
We discuss the boundary of the spacetime region through each point of which a trapped surface passes, first in some simple soluble examples, and then in the self-similar Vaidya solution. For the latter the boundary must lie strictly inside…
Previously suggested definitions of averagely trapped surfaces are not well-defined properties of 2-surfaces, and can include surfaces in flat space-time. A natural definition of averagely trapped surfaces is that the product of the null…
The Oppenheimer-Snyder solution models a homogeneous round dust cloud collapsing to a black hole. Inside its event horizon there is a region through which trapped surfaces pass. We try to determine exactly where the boundary of this region…
We prove that strictly stationary spacetimes cannot contain closed trapped nor marginally trapped surfaces. The result is purely geometric and holds in arbitrary dimension. Other results concerning the interplay between (generalized)…
This paper considers some fundamental questions concerning marginally trapped surfaces, or apparent horizons, in Cauchy data sets for the Einstein equation. An area estimate for outermost marginally trapped surfaces is proved. The proof…
Eight different refinements of trapped surfaces are proposed, of three basic types, each intended as potential stability conditions. Minimal trapped surfaces are strictly minimal with respect to the dual expansion vector. Outer trapped…
Recently a simple proof of the generalizations of Hawking's black hole topology theorem and its application to topological black holes for higher dimensional ($n\geq 4$) spacetimes was given \cite{rnew}. By applying the associated new line…
Roger Penrose introduced the concept of the trapped surface: a spacelike hypersurface where the two null normals have negative expansion. The trapped surface along with the null convergence condition leads to null geodesic incompleteness.…
A simple criterion is given to rule out the existence of closed trapped surfaces in large open regions inside black holes.
To better understand the allowed range of black hole geometries, we study Weyl-distorted Schwarzschild solutions. They always contain trapped surfaces, a singularity and an isolated horizon and so should be understood to be (geometric)…