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Soft linear logic ([Lafont02]) is a subsystem of linear logic characterizing the class PTIME. We introduce Soft lambda-calculus as a calculus typable in the intuitionistic and affine variant of this logic. We prove that the (untyped) terms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Patrick Baillot , Virgile Mogbil

We consider the previously defined notion of finite-state independence and we focus specifically on normal words. We characterize finite-state independence of normal words in three different ways, using three different kinds of asynchronous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Nicolás Álvarez , Verónica Becher , Olivier Carton

We estimate, in a number field, the number of elements and the maximal number of linearly independent elements, with prescribed bounds on their valuations. As a by-product, we obtain new bounds for the successive minima of ideal lattices.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-18 Mikołaj Frączyk , Gergely Harcos , Péter Maga

We describe a non-extensional variant of Martin-L\"of type theory which we call two-dimensional type theory, and equip it with a sound and complete semantics valued in 2-categories.

Logic · Mathematics 2011-10-17 Richard Garner

Consider a regression or some regression-type model for a certain response variable where the linear predictor includes an ordered factor among the explanatory variables. The inclusion of a factor of this type can take place is a few…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-27 Adelchi Azzalini

We find generating functions the number of strings (words) containing a specified number of occurrences of certain types of order-isomorphic classes of substrings called subword patterns. In particular, we find generating functions for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Burstein , T. Mansour

We consider the problem of estimating the class prior in an unlabeled dataset. Under the assumption that an additional labeled dataset is available, the class prior can be estimated by fitting a mixture of class-wise data distributions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Marthinus C. du Plessis , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Accurately quantifying uncertainty in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for their reliable deployment, especially in high-stakes applications. Current state-of-the-art methods for measuring semantic uncertainty in LLMs rely on strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yashvir S. Grewal , Edwin V. Bonilla , Thang D. Bui

We show that any multiple-valued function can be represented by a linear lambda term typed in a second-order polymorphic type system, using two distinct styles. The first is a circuit style, which mimics combinational circuits in switching…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Satoshi Matsuoka

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Xiaotong Liu , Yingbei Tong , Anbang Xu , Rama Akkiraju

In compositional model-theoretic semantics, researchers assemble truth-conditions or other kinds of denotations using the lambda calculus. It was previously observed that the lambda terms and/or the denotations studied tend to follow the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Jirka Maršík , Maxime Amblard

We introduce the concepts of dependence and independence in a very general framework. We use a concept of rank to study dependence and independence. By means of the rank we identify (total) dependence with inability to create more…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Pietro Galliani , Jouko Väänänen

The field of computational complexity is concerned both with the intrinsic hardness of computational problems and with the efficiency of algorithms to solve them. Given such a problem, normally one designs an algorithm to solve it and sets…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Fabiano de S. Oliveira , Valmir C. Barbosa

We indicate a way of distinguishing between structures, for which, two structures are said to be separable.Being separable implies being non-isomorphic. We show that for any first order theory $T$ in a countable language, if it has an…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-11-28 Mohammad Assem

Semi-supervised learning deals with the problem of how, if possible, to take advantage of a huge amount of unclassified data, to perform a classification in situations when, typically, there is little labeled data. Even though this is not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-11 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Mariela Sued

An efficient, when compared to exhaustive enumeration, algorithm for computing the number of square-free words of length $n$ over the alphabet $\{a, b, c\}$ is presented.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Vladislav Makarov

In this note we describe a new method of counting the number of unordered factorizations of a natural number by means of a generating function and a recurrence relation arising from it, which improves an earlier result in this direction.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-11-24 Shamik Ghosh

We study the question of whether for each n there is another integer m with lambda(m)=lambda(n), where lambda is Carmichael's function. We give a "near" proof of the fact that this is the case unconditionally, and a complete conditional…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-24 Kevin Ford , Florian Luca

The number of senses of a given word, or polysemy, is a very subjective notion, which varies widely across annotators and resources. We propose a novel method to estimate polysemy, based on simple geometry in the contextual embedding space.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Christos Xypolopoulos , Antoine J. -P. Tixier , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Embedding models typically associate each word with a single real-valued vector, representing its different properties. Evaluation methods, therefore, need to analyze the accuracy and completeness of these properties in embeddings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Katharina Kann , Hinrich Schütze