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When two black holes merge, the late stage of gravitational wave emission is a superposition of exponentially damped sinusoids. According to the black hole no-hair theorem, this ringdown spectrum depends only on the mass and angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-12 Collin D. Capano , Miriam Cabero , Julian Westerweck , Jahed Abedi , Shilpa Kastha , Alexander H. Nitz , Yi-Fan Wang , Alex B. Nielsen , Badri Krishnan

Black holes play a fundamental role in modern physics. They have characteristic oscillation modes, called quasinormal modes. Past studies have shown that these modes are important to our understanding of the dynamics of astrophysical black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-29 Vitor Cardoso

Black hole spectroscopy is an important pillar when studying gravitational waves from black holes and enables tests of general relativity. Most of the gravitational-wave signals observed over the last decade originate from binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-09 Oliver Steppohn , Sebastian H. Völkel , Tim Dietrich

Ringdown gravitational waves of compact object binaries observed by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors encapsulate rich information to understand remnant objects after the merger and to test general relativity in the strong field. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-29 Norichika Sago , Soichiro Isoyama , Hiroyuki Nakano

The binary black hole signal GW250114, the loudest gravitational wave detected to date, offers a unique opportunity to test Einstein's general relativity (GR) in the high-velocity, strong-gravity regime and probe whether the remnant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration

According to the no-hair theorem, all astrophysical black holes are fully described by their masses and spins. This theorem can be tested observationally by measuring (at least) three different multipole moments of the spacetimes of black…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Tim Johannsen , Dimitrios Psaltis

According to the no-hair theorem, an astrophysical black hole is uniquely described by only two quantities, the mass and the spin. In this series of papers, we investigate a framework for testing the no-hair theorem with observations of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Tim Johannsen , Dimitrios Psaltis

The final ringdown phase in a coalescence process is a valuable laboratory to test General Relativity and potentially constrain additional degrees of freedom in the gravitational sector. We introduce here an effective description for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-27 Gabriele Franciolini , Lam Hui , Riccardo Penco , Luca Santoni , Enrico Trincherini

One of the central goals of the newborn field of gravitational wave astronomy is to test gravity in the highly nonlinear, strong field regime characterizing the spacetime of black holes. In particular, "black hole spectroscopy" (the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-04 Kostas Glampedakis , George Pappas , Hector O. Silva , Emanuele Berti

While black hole perturbation theory predicts a rich quasi-normal mode structure, technical challenges have limited the numerical study of excitations to the fundamental, lowest order modes caused by the coalescence of black holes. Here, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-22 Lionel London , James Healy , Deirdre Shoemaker

Astrophysical tests of general relativity belong to two categories: 1) "internal", i.e. consistency tests within the theory (for example, tests that astrophysical black holes are indeed described by the Kerr solution and its perturbations),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Emanuele Berti

It is shown that the spectral amplitude of gravitational-wave (GW) ringdown of a Kerr black hole sourced by an extreme mass ratio merger can be modeled by the $\textit{greybody factor}$, which quantifies the scattering nature of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-04 Naritaka Oshita

The idea that quantum gravity effects might leak outside the horizon of a black hole has recently been intensively considered. In this study, we calculate the quasinormal modes as a function of the location and amplitude of a generic metric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-16 Aurélien Barrau , Killian Martineau , Jeremy Martinon , Flora Moulin

The relaxation of a distorted black hole to its final state provides important tests of general relativity within the reach of current and upcoming gravitational wave facilities. In black hole perturbation theory, this phase consists of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-07 Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Gaurav Khanna

We study scalar test-field perturbations on top of a Kerr--black-bounce background, i.e. a family of rotating regular black holes and/or rotating traversable wormholes that can mimic Kerr black holes. We compute the quasi-normal modes for a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-30 Edgardo Franzin , Stefano Liberati , Jacopo Mazza , Ramit Dey , Sumanta Chakraborty

We have performed an extensive numerical study of coalescing black-hole binaries to understand the gravitational-wave spectrum of quasi-normal modes excited in the merged black hole. Remarkably, we find that the masses and spins of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Ioannis Kamaretsos , Mark Hannam , B. Sathyaprakash

Recent studies have shown that rotating black holes can undergo spontaneous scalarization, leading to deviations from general relativity in the strong-field regime. We present the first nonperturbative calculation of the quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-05 Wei Xiong , Peng-Cheng Li

Gravitational waves emitted from the gravitational ringing of supermassive black holes are important targets to test general relativity and probe the matter environment surrounding such black holes. The main components of the ringing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-05 Chao Zhang , Tao Zhu , Xiongjun Fang , Anzhong Wang

Black hole spectroscopy is the program to measure the complex gravitational-wave frequencies of merger remnants, and to quantify their agreement with the characteristic frequencies of black holes computed at linear order in black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-17 Vishal Baibhav , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Gregorio Carullo , Roberto Cotesta , Walter Del Pozzo , Francisco Duque

Despite its success in the weak gravity regime, General Relativity (GR) has yet to be verified in the regime of strong gravity. In this paper, we present the results of detailed ray tracing simulations aiming at clarifying if the combined…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-23 Janie K. Hoormann , Banafsheh Beheshtipour , Henric Krawczynski