Related papers: Z' Bosons and Friends
These notes form part of a lecture course on gauge theory. The material covered is standard in the physics literature, but perhaps less well-known to mathematicians. The purpose of these notes is to make spontaneous symmetry breaking and…
An extension of the Standard Model to the local gauge group SU(3)_c X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X as a family independent model is presented. The mass scales, the gauge boson masses and the masses for the spin 1/2 particles in the model are studied.…
We present a Higgsless Standard Model in six dimensions, based on the Standard Model gauge group SU(2)xU(1), with two flat extra dimensions compactified on a rectangle. The electroweak symmetry is broken by boundary conditions and realistic…
On the verge of conclusive checks on the Standard Model by the LHC, we discuss some of the basic assumptions. The reason for this analysis stems from a recent proposal of an Electroweak Model based on a nonlinearly realized gauge group…
The Gaussian Effective Potential (GEP) is derived for the non-Abelian SU(2)xU(1) gauge theory of electroweak interactions. First the problem of gauge invariance is addressed in the Abelian U(1) theory, where an optimized GEP is shown to be…
We consider a supersymmetric version of the recently proposed SU(3) X U(1) extended gauge model. We show that it is possible to have only two Higgs doublets at the SU(2) X U(1) energy scale but they are not those of the minimal…
We have investigated some phenomenological aspects of an $SU(2)\times U(1)$ scenario where scalars belonging to arbitrary representations of $SU(2)$ are involved in electroweak symmetry breaking. The resulting interaction terms are derived.…
The relevant phenomenology and the best search schemes of a subelectroweak-scale gauge boson can be vastly different depending on its coupling. For instance, the rare decay into a light gauge boson and the high precision parity test can be…
I review constraints on the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson from high energy electroweak (EW) precision data. The same data set also strongly limits various mixing effects of hypothetical extra neutral gauge bosons (Z') with the ordinary Z.…
We first discuss the basic features of electroweak 1-loop corrections in the Standard Model. We also give a short and elementary review on Higgs boson searches, grand unification, supersymmetry and extra dimensions.
In a recent paper, we introduced a new Little Higgs model, which contains the gauge structure $SU(2)^3\times U(1)$, embedded in an approximate global $SO(5)\times SO(5)$ symmetry. After breaking to the standard model, $SU(2)_L \times…
If the standard model of particle interactions is extended to include a neutral SU(2)_N gauge factor, with SU(3)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y x SU(2)_N embedded in E_6 or [SU(3)]^3, a conserved generalized R parity may appear. As a result, we have…
Models with extra gauge bosons often require an extended Higgs sector, which contains a rich spectrum of Higgs bosons with properties that deviate from the Standard Model (SM). Such Higgs bosons could be searched using standard mechanisms…
The U(1)' symmetry associated with a possible heavy Z' would have profound implications for particle physics and cosmology. The motivations for such particles in various extensions of the standard model, possible ranges for their masses and…
We construct extensions of the Standard Model in which the gauge symmetries and supersymmetry prevent the dangerously large effects that may potentially be induced in a supersymmetric standard model by Planck scale physics. These include…
Anomaly free $U(1)$ extensions of the standard model (SM) predict a new neutral gauge boson $Z'$. When the $Z'$ obtains its mass from the spontaneous breaking of the new $U(1)$ symmetry by a new complex scalar field, the model also predicts…
We study an extension of the gauge group SU(3)_c X SU(2)_L X U(1)_Y of the standard model to the symmetry group SU(3)_c X SU(4)_L X U(1)_X (3-4-1 for short). This extension provides an interesting attempt to answer the question of family…
We perform a global analysis of electroweak precision measurements to find constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, we discuss oblique parameters, which are useful to constrain additional matter fields, as well as…
For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…
Using the U(1)_Q invariance, the photon eigenstate and matching gauge coupling constants in SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X models with beta arbitrary are given. The mass matrix of neutral gauge bosons is exactly diagonalized, and the photon…