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Let $\Gamma$ denote a bipartite distance-regular graph with diameter $D \ge 4$ and valency $k \ge 3$. Let $X$ denote the vertex set of $\Gamma$, and let $A$ denote the adjacency matrix of $\Gamma$. For $x \in X$ let $T=T(x)$ denote the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-23 Mark S. MacLean , Stefko Miklavic

In this note, we construct bipartite 2-walk-regular graphs with exactly 6 distinct eigenvalues as incidence graphs of group-divisible designs with the dual property. For many of them, we show that they are 2-arc-transitive dihedrants. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-03 Zhi Qiao , Shao Fei Du , Jack H. Koolen

A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labeled either positive or negative. Corresponding to the two signed distance matrices defined for signed graphs, we define two signed distance laplacian matrices. We characterize balance in signed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-12 Roshni T Roy , K A Germina , K Shahul Hameed , Thomas Zaslavsky

In this paper we show that certain almost distance-regular graphs, the so-called $h$-punctually walk-regular graphs, can be characterized through the cospectrality of their perturbed graphs. A graph $G$ with diameter $D$ is called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-06 Cristina Dalfó , Edwin R. van Dam , Miquel Angel Fiol

Tan et al. conjectured that connected co-edge-regular graphs with four distinct eigenvalues and fixed smallest eigenvalue, when having sufficiently large valency, belong to two different families of graphs. In this paper we construct two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Hong-Jun Ge , Jack H. Koolen

In [Steve Butler. A note about cospectral graphs for the adjacency and normalized Laplacian matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra, 58(3-4):387-390, 2010.], Butler constructed a family of bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for both the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-04 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada

The \emph{difference subgroup graph} $D(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is defined as the graph whose vertices are the non-trivial proper subgroups of $G$, with two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ adjacent if and only if $\langle H, K \rangle = G$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Angsuman Das , Arnab Mandal , Labani Sarkar

We define a family of graphs we call dual systolic graphs. This definition comes from graphs that are duals of systolic simplicial complexes. Our main result is a sharp (up to constants) isoperimetric inequality for dual systolic graphs.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Daniel Carmon , Amir Yehudayoff

An edge-girth-regular graph $egr(v,k,g,\lambda)$, is a $k$-regular graph of order $v$, girth $g$ and with the property that each of its edges is contained in exactly $\lambda$ distinct $g$-cycles. An $egr(v,k,g,\lambda)$ is called extremal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Araujo-Pardo Gabriela , Leemans Dimitri

Strongly regular graphs are regular graphs with a constant number of common neighbours between adjacent vertices, and a constant number of common neighbours between non-adjacent vertices. These graphs have been of great interest over the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-30 William H. Allen

An association scheme is $P$-polynomial if and only if it consists of the distance matrices of a distance-regular graph. Recently, bivariate $P$-polynomial association schemes of type $(\alpha,\beta)$ were introduced by Bernard et al., and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Pierre-Antoine Bernard , Nicolas Crampe , Luc Vinet , Meri Zaimi , Xiaohong Zhang

Let Gamma be a Q-polynomial distance-regular graph with vertex set X, diameter D geq 3 and adjacency matrix A. Fix x in X and let A*=A*(x) be the corresponding dual adjacency matrix. Recall that the Terwilliger algebra T=T(x) is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-30 Diana R. Cerzo

The quadratic embedding constant (QE constant) of a graph is a new characteristic value of a graph defined through the distance matrix. We derive formulae for the QE constants of the join of two regular graphs, double graphs and certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-30 Zhenzhen Lou , Nobuaki Obata , Qiongxiang Huang

For a planar graph with a given f-vector $(f_{0}, f_{1}, f_{2}),$ we introduce a cubic polynomial whose coefficients depend on the f-vector. The planar graph is said to be real if all the roots of the corresponding polynomial are real. Thus…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-29 M. R. Emamy-K. , Bahman Kalantari , Tatiana Correa

A graph is near-bipartite if its vertex set can be partitioned into an independent set and a set which induces a forest. In this paper, planar graphs without cycles of length from 4 to 7 are shown to be near-bipartite.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-21 Lili Hao , Weihua Yang , Shuang Zhao

Given a graph $G$, a subgraph $H$ is isometric if $d_H(u,v) = d_G(u,v)$ for every pair $u,v\in V(H)$, where $d$ is the distance function. A graph $G$ is distance preserving (dp) if it has an isometric subgraph of every possible order. A…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Emad Zahedi , Jason P. Smith

Distance-hereditary graphs are known to be the graphs that are totally decomposable for the split decomposition. We characterise distance-hereditary graphs whose complement is also distance-hereditary by their split decomposition and by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Hugo Jacob

In this paper we consider a distance-regular graph $\Gamma$. Fix a vertex $x$ of $\Gamma$ and consider the corresponding subconstituent algebra $T$. The algebra $T$ is the $\mathbb{C}$-algebra generated by the Bose-Mesner algebra $M$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-22 Supalak Sumalroj

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, \dend of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex `$a$' to the vertex `$\, b$' $(a \neq b) $ if and only if there exists an endomorphism on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Midhuna V Ajith , Mainak Ghosh , Aparna Lakshmanan S

The distance matrix of a connected graph is defined as the matrix in which the entries are the pairwise distances between vertices. The distance spectrum of a graph is the set of eigenvalues of its distance matrix. A graph is said to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-10 Anuj Sakarda , Jerry Tan , Armaan Tipirneni