Related papers: Partial Impredicativity in Reverse Mathematics
Long sequences of successive direct (projective) measurements or observations of a few "uninteresting" physical quantities of a quantum system may reveal indirect, but precise and unambiguous information on the values of some very…
We introduce quantum Markov categories as a structure that refines and extends a synthetic approach to probability theory and information theory so that it includes quantum probability and quantum information theory. In this broader…
In reverse mathematics, real numbers are traditionally represented by Cauchy sequences with a given rate of convergence. We work without rates and speak of slow Cauchy sequences. It turns out that almost all one-dimensional real analysis…
We investigate the cyclic proof theory of extensions of Peano Arithmetic by (finitely iterated) inductive definitions. Such theories are essential to proof theoretic analyses of certain `impredicative' theories; moreover, our cyclic systems…
This article presents simple and easy proofs of the Implicit Function Theorem and the Inverse Function Theorem, in this order, both of them on a finite-dimensional Euclidean space, that employ only the Intermediate Value Theorem and the…
If $L$ is a relational language, then an $L$-structure ${\mathbb X}=\langle X,\bar \rho \rangle$ is reversible iff there is no interpretation $\bar \sigma \varsubsetneq \bar \rho$ such that the structures $\langle X,\bar \sigma \rangle$ and…
The posterior distribution in a nonparametric inverse problem is shown to contract to the true parameter at a rate that depends on the smoothness of the parameter, and the smoothness and scale of the prior. Correct combinations of these…
In the context of post-hoc interpretability, this paper addresses the task of explaining the prediction of a classifier, considering the case where no information is available, neither on the classifier itself, nor on the processed data…
This paper is concerned with a Bayesian approach to testing hypotheses in statistical inverse problems. Based on the posterior distribution $\Pi \left(\cdot |Y = y\right)$, we want to infer whether a feature $\langle\varphi,…
Our starting point is Mumford's conjecture, on representations of Chevalley groups over fields, as it is phrased in the preface of "Geometric Invariant Theory". After extending the conjecture appropriately, we show that it holds over an…
The notions of disintegration and Bayesian inversion are fundamental in conditional probability theory. They produce channels, as conditional probabilities, from a joint state, or from an already given channel (in opposite direction). These…
Within the Kolmogorov theory of probability, Bayes' rule allows one to perform statistical inference by relating conditional probabilities to unconditional probabilities. As we show here, however, there is a continuous set of alternative…
This paper continues to study the connection between reverse mathematics and Weihrauch reducibility. In particular, we study the problems formed from Maltsev's theorem on the order types of countable ordered groups. Solomon showed that the…
The functional autoregressive model is a Markov model taylored for data of functional nature. It revealed fruitful when attempting to model samples of dependent random curves and has been widely studied along the past few years. This…
The induction and reduction precesses of an O*-vector space $\M$ obtained by means of a projection taken, respectively, in $\M$ itself or in its weak bounded commutant $\M'_\w$ are studied. In the case where $\M$ is a partial GW*-algebra,…
Well known Simpson's paradox is puzzling and surprising for many, especially for the empirical researchers and users of statistics. However there is no surprise as far as mathematical details are concerned. A lot more is written about the…
The conventional postulate for the probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics is asymmetric in preparation and measurement, making retrodiction reliant on inference by use of Bayes' theorem. Here, a more fundamental symmetric…
Continuity is one of the most central notions in mathematics, physics, and computer science. An interesting associated topic is decompositions of continuity, where continuity is shown to be equivalent to the combination of two or more weak…
In this paper, methods of second order and higher order reverse mathematics are applied to versions of a theorem of Banach that extends the Schroeder-Bernstein theorem. Some additional results address statements in higher order arithmetic…
We report an inconsistency found in probability theory (also referred to as measure-theoretic probability). For probability measures induced by real-valued random variables, we deduce an "equality" such that one side of the "equality" is a…