Related papers: Partial Impredicativity in Reverse Mathematics
After highlighting the cases in which the semantics of a language cannot be mechanically reproduced (in which case it is called inherent), the main epistemological consequences of the first incompleteness Theorem for the two fundamental…
Complex numbers are basic. An inconsistency would question Wigner's unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics. A vehicle to study this question is Kirchoff's scalar diffraction theory. In the paper, an inconsistency in complex phase angle…
We reveal a contradiction in measure-theoretic probability. The contradiction is an "equation" $1/2 = 0$ with its two sides representing probabilities. Unlike known paradoxes in mathematics, the revealed contradiction cannot be explained…
We consider extensions of the language of Peano arithmetic by transfinitely iterated truth definitions satisfying uniform Tarskian biconditionals. Without further axioms, such theories are known to be conservative extensions of the original…
Many representation schemes combining first-order logic and probability have been proposed in recent years. Progress in unifying logical and probabilistic inference has been slower. Existing methods are mainly variants of lifted variable…
While a characterization of unavoidable formulas (without reversal) is well-known, little is known about the avoidability of formulas with reversal in general. In this article, we characterize the unavoidable formulas with reversal that…
Quantum theory's irreducible empirical core is a probability calculus. While it presupposes the events to which (and on the basis of which) it serves to assign probabilities, and therefore cannot account for their occurrence, it has to be…
The primary objective of this paper is to revisit Simpson's paradox using a statistical misspecification perspective. It is argued that the reversal of statistical associations is sometimes spurious, stemming from invalid probabilistic…
We consider the classical Inverse Function Theorem of Nash and Moser from the angle of some recent development by Ekeland and the authors. Geometrisation of tame estimates coupled with certain ideas coming from Variational Analysis when…
This paper discusses the semantics and proof theory of Nilsson's probabilistic logic, outlining both the benefits of its well-defined model theory and the drawbacks of its proof theory. Within Nilsson's semantic framework, we derive a set…
The program Reverse Mathematics in the foundations of mathematics seeks to identify the minimal axioms required to prove theorems of ordinary mathematics. One always assumes the base theory, a logical system embodying computable…
Several well-known results from the random matrix theory, such as Wigner's law and the Marchenko--Pastur law, can be interpreted (and proved) in terms of non-backtracking walks on a certain graph. Orthogonal polynomials with respect to the…
A crucial input into causal inference is the imputed counterfactual outcome. Imputation error can arise because of sampling uncertainty from estimating the prediction model using the untreated observations, or from out-of-sample information…
This paper discusses limitations of reflexive and diagonal arguments as methods of proof of limitative theorems (e.g. G\"odel's theorem on Entscheidungsproblem, Turing's halting problem or Chaitin-G\"odel's theorem). The fact, that a formal…
The inverse problem of determining the unknown potential $f>0$ in the partial differential equation $$\frac{\Delta}{2} u - fu =0 \text{ on } \mathcal O ~~\text{s.t. } u = g \text { on } \partial \mathcal O,$$ where $\mathcal O$ is a bounded…
This list presents problems in the Reverse Mathematics of infinitary Ramsey theory which I find interesting but do not personally have the techniques to solve. The intent is to enlist the help of those working in Reverse Mathematics to take…
Reverse Mathematics (RM hereafter) is a program in the foundations of mathematics where the aim is to identify the minimal axioms needed to prove a given theorem from ordinary, i.e. non-set theoretic, mathematics. This program has unveiled…
We consider Sturm-Liouville operators on geometrical graphs without cycles (trees) with singular potentials from the class $W_2^{-1}$. We suppose that the potentials are known on a part of the graph, and study the so-called partial inverse…
Varieties of the Fan Theorem have recently been developed in reverse constructive mathematics, corresponding to different continuity principles. They form a natural implicational hierarchy. Some of the implications have been shown to be…
Prediction is the making of statements, usually probabilistic, about future events based on current information. Retrodiction is the making of statements about past events based on current information. We present the foundations of quantum…