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Socio-cognitive action reproduces and changes both social and cognitive structures. The analytical distinction between these dimensions of structure provides us with richer models of scientific development. In this study, I assume that (i)…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Loet Leydesdorff

The sociological domain is different from the psychological one insofar as meaning can be communicated at the supra-individual level (Schutz, 1932; Luhmann, 1984). The computation of anticipatory systems enables us to distinguish between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-06 Loet Leydesdorff , Sander Franse

In biological systems, the capacity of anticipation--that is, entertaining a model of the system within the system--can be considered as naturally given. Human languages enable psychological systems to construct and exchange mental models…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-19 Loet Leydesdorff

Psychological and social systems provide us with a natural domain for the study of anticipations because these systems are based on and operate in terms of intentionality. Psychological systems can be expected to contain a model of…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-14 Loet Leydesdorff

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has led to expectations of transformative impact on science, yet current systems remain fundamentally limited in enabling genuine scientific discovery. This perspective contends that progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Karthik Duraisamy

Social order does not exist as a stable phenomenon, but can be considered as "an order of reproduced expectations." When anticipations operate upon one another, they can generate a non-linear dynamics which processes meaning. Although…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-11-19 Loet Leydesdorff

We here report the development of a structure that shows the proteresis phenomenon in more general setting and set out its philosophical implications. In this case, the questions relate to how we are to interpret what will happen in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 M. R. Sayeh , R. E. Auxier

Anticipatory thinking is a complex cognitive process for assessing and managing risk in many contexts. Humans use anticipatory thinking to identify potential future issues and proactively take actions to manage their risks. In this paper we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Adam Amos-Binks , Dustin Dannenhauer

The ability of a model to learn continually can be empirically assessed in different continual learning scenarios. Each scenario defines the constraints and the opportunities of the learning environment. Here, we challenge the current trend…

Abductive reasoning, reasoning for inferring explanations for observations, is often mentioned in scientific, design-related and artistic contexts, but its understanding varies across these domains. This paper reviews how abductive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Abhinav Sood , Kazjon Grace , Stephen Wan , Cecile Paris

Reversible computing is a new paradigm that has emerged recently and extends the traditional forwards-only computing mode with the ability to execute in backwards, so that computation can run in reverse as easily as in forward. Two…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Nataliya Gribovskaya , Irina Virbitskaite

Automatically reasoning about future human behaviors is a difficult problem but has significant practical applications to assistive systems. Part of this difficulty stems from learning systems' inability to represent all kinds of behaviors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Jiaqi Guan , Ye Yuan , Kris M. Kitani , Nicholas Rhinehart

We have designed a machine that becomes increasingly better at behaving in underspecified circumstances, in a goal-directed way, on the job, by modeling itself and its environment as experience accumulates. Based on principles of…

This paper proposes a conceptual framework in which intelligence and consciousness emerge from relational structure rather than from prediction or domain-specific mechanisms. Intelligence is defined as the capacity to form and integrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Sean Niklas Semmler

Modern language models reason within bounded context, an inherent constraint that poses a fundamental barrier to long-horizon reasoning. We identify recursion as a core principle for overcoming this barrier, and propose recursive models as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenxiao Yang , Nathan Srebro , Zhiyuan Li

In social systems, meaning can be communicated in addition to underlying processes of the information exchange. Meaning processing incurs on information processing with hindsight, while information processing recursively follows the time…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-12-08 Loet Leydesdorff , Daniel M. Dubois

Stories interest us not because they are a sequence of mundane and predictable events but because they have drama and tension. Crucial to creating dramatic and exciting stories are surprise and suspense. The thesis trains a series of deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 David Wilmot

Social order cannot be considered as a stable phenomenon because it contains an order of reproduced expectations. When the expectations operate upon one another, they generate a non-linear dynamics that processes meaning. Specific meaning…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-06 Loet Leydesdorff

Generative AI systems have entered everyday academic, professional, and personal life with remarkable speed, yet most users encounter them as mysterious artifacts rather than intelligible systems. This chapter discusses large language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 John T. Behrens

Structural recursion is a common technique used by programmers in modern languages and is taught to introductory computer science students. But what about its dual, structural corecursion? Structural corecursion is an elegant technique,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zena M. Ariola , Paul Downen , Hugo Herbelin
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