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Most of the celestial gamma rays detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the interstellar medium when energetic cosmic rays interact with interstellar nucleons and photons.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-27 F. Acero , M. Ackermann , M. Ajello , A. Albert , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , G. Barbiellini , D. Bastieri , R. Bellazzini , E. Bissaldi , E. D. Bloom , R. Bonino , E. Bottacini , T. J. Brandt , J. Bregeon , P. Bruel , R. Buehler , S. Buson , G. A. Caliandro , R. A. Cameron , M. Caragiulo , P. A. Caraveo , J. M. Casandjian , E. Cavazzuti , C. Cecchi , E. Charles , A. Chekhtman , J. Chiang , G. Chiaro , S. Ciprini , R. Claus , J. Cohen-Tanugi , J. Conrad , A. Cuoco , S. Cutini , F. D'Ammando , A. de Angelis , F. de Palma , R. Desiante , S. W. Digel , L. Di Venere , P. S. Drell , C. Favuzzi , S. J. Fegan , E. C. Ferrara , W. B. Focke , A. Franckowiak , S. Funk , P. Fusco , F. Gargano , D. Gasparrini , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , T. Glanzman , G. Godfrey , I. A. Grenier , S. Guiriec , D. Hadasch , A. K. Harding , K. Hayashi , E. Hays , J. W. Hewitt , A. B. Hill , D. Horan , X. Hou , T. Jogler , G. Jóhannesson , T. Kamae , M. Kuss , D. Landriu , S. Larsson , L. Latronico , J. Li , L. Li , F. Longo , F. Loparco , M. N. Lovellette , P. Lubrano , S. Maldera , D. Malyshev , A. Manfreda , P. Martin , M. Mayer , M. N. Mazziotta , J. E. McEnery , P. F. Michelson , N. Mirabal , T. Mizuno , M. E. Monzani , A. Morselli , E. Nuss , T. Ohsugi , N. Omodei , M. Orienti , E. Orlando , J. F. Ormes , D. Paneque , M. Pesce-Rollins , F. Piron , G. Pivato , S. Rainò , R. Rando , M. Razzano , S. Razzaque , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , Q. Remy , N. Renault , M. Sánchez-Conde , M. Schaal , A. Schulz , C. Sgrò , E. J. Siskind , F. Spada , G. Spandre , P. Spinelli , A. W. Strong , D. J. Suson , H. Tajima , H. Takahashi , J. B. Thayer , D. J. Thompson , L. Tibaldo , M. Tinivella , D. F. Torres , G. Tosti , E. Troja , G. Vianello , M. Werner , K. S. Wood , M. Wood , G. Zaharijas , S. Zimmer

Diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission produced by the interaction of cosmic-ray particles with matter and radiation in the Galaxy can be used to probe the distribution of cosmic rays and their sources in different regions of the Galaxy. With its…

The possible gamma-ray excess in the inner Galaxy and the Galactic center (GC) suggested by Fermi-LAT observations has triggered a large number of studies. It has been interpreted as a variety of different phenomena such as a signal from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Francesca Calore , Ilias Cholis , Christoph Weniger

The GALPROP model for cosmic-ray propagation is able to make explicit predictions for the distribution of galactic diffuse gamma-rays. We compare different propagation models with gamma-ray spectra measured by EGRET for various regions of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Andrew W. Strong , Igor V. Moskalenko , Olaf Reimer

Recent measurements of cosmic gamma ray intensities up to TeV energies have been used to estimate the spectral shape of the parent cosmic ray particles present in the interstellar medium. The case is made for the particle spectrum in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Anatoly D. Erlykin , Arnold W. Wolfendale

The propagation of gamma-rays over cosmological distances is the subject of extensive theoretical and observational research at GeV and TeV energies. The mean free path of gamma-rays in the cosmic web is limited above 100 GeV due to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-11 J. Biteau , M. Meyer

Galaxy clusters act as reservoirs of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs). As CRs propagate through the intracluster medium, they generate diffuse $\gamma$-rays detectable by arrays such as LHAASO. These $\gamma$-rays result from proton-proton…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-07 The LHAASO Collaboration , Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , J. Blunier , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , Y. Y. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. K. Chen , L. F. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , X. P. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Q. Y. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , A. J. Dong , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , K. J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , R. P. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernández-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , X. L. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , A. Inventar , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Y. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , I. O. Maliy , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. Mizuno , G. B. Mou , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , Z. W. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , D. Y. Peng , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , D. Qu , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Savchenko , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , J. X. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , D. H. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. F. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , H. D. Xing , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , B. N. Xu , C. Y. Xu , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , S. S. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. Y. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , S. Y. Zhang , W. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , T. C. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo

The diffuse gamma-ray background radiation (GBR) at high Galactic latitudes could be dominated by inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of cosmic ray (CR) electrons on the cosmic microwave background radiation (CBR) and on starlight (SL) in an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnon Dar

We explore the possibility that the diffuse gamma-ray background radiation (GBR) at high galactic latitudes could be dominated by inverse Compton scattering of cosmic ray (CR) electrons on the cosmic microwave background radiation and on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Arnon Dar , A. De Rújula

Determining the spatial distribution of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) is fundamental to understand how these particles propagate in interstellar space and to infer their source spectra. The most sensitive method of studying this problem is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-26 Paolo Lipari , Silvia Vernetto

The Milky Way's galactic center is a highly dynamical, crowded environment. Gamma ray observations of this region, such as the excess of GeV scale gamma rays observed by Fermi LAT, have been of tremendous interest to both the high energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-24 Isabel S. Sands , Philip F. Hopkins , Sam B. Ponnada , Dusan Keres , Lina Necib , Yen-Hsing Julius Lin

Cosmic Rays (CRs) propagating through dense molecular clouds (MCs) produce gamma rays which carry direct information about the CR distribution throughout the Galaxy. Observations of gamma rays in different energy bands allow exploration of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-14 Giada Peron , Felix Aharonian

A crucial process in Galactic cosmic-ray (CR) transport is the spatial diffusion due to the interaction with the interstellar turbulent magnetic field. Usually, CR diffusion is assumed to be uniform and isotropic all across the Galaxy.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-25 Silvio Sergio Cerri , Daniele Gaggero , Andrea Vittino , Carmelo Evoli , Dario Grasso

The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray background, as observed with EGRET on CGRO, exceeds the model predictions significantly above 1 GeV. This is particularly true for the inner Galaxy. We shall discuss here the contribution of the Galactic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Heinz Voelk

Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission is produced by the interaction of high-energy cosmic rays propagating through the Milky Way with interstellar gas and radiation fields. Its measurement can provide crucial insights into the acceleration…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-04 Georg Schwefer

Diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission is produced by the interaction of cosmic rays (CRs) with the interstellar environment. The study of gamma-ray emission is therefore a powerful tool to investigate the origin of CRs and the processes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-18 N. Marchili , G. Piano , M. Cardillo , A. Giuliani , S. Molinari , M. Tavani

We present a study of the compatibility of some current models of the diffuse Galactic continuum gamma rays with EGRET data. A set of regions sampling the whole sky is chosen to provide a comprehensive range of tests. The range of EGRET…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko , O. Reimer

We study the spectral properties of the cosmic-ray spectrum in the interstellar medium within 1 kpc distance from the Sun. We used eight-year exposure data of molecular clouds of the Gould Belt obtained with the Fermi/LAT telescope to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-04 Andrii Neronov , Denys Malyshev , Dmitri V. Semikoz

Observations have argued that Milky Way (MW), Andromeda, and lower-mass galaxies exhibit extended soft X-ray diffuse halos to radii $R\gtrsim100\,$kpc in the circumgalactic medium (CGM). If interpreted as thermal emission, the shallow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-22 Philip F. Hopkins , Eliot Quataert , Sam B. Ponnada , Emily Silich

We present the results of OSSE observations of the soft gamma ray continuum emission from the Galactic plane at longitude 95 degrees. Emission is detected between 50 and 600 keV where the spectrum is fit well by a power law with photon…

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